The Gilded Age was a period in United States history from the 1870s to around 1900. It was characterized by rapid economic growth, widespread industrialization, and technological innovation. The name "Gilded Age" comes from Mark Twain's novel of the same name, which satirized an era of serious social problems that were hidden beneath a thin veneer of wealth and prosperity. During this time, a large number of immigrants arrived in America seeking work in factories or on farms, while others made fortunes through business ventures such as railroads and oil exploration. This influx helped fuel an unprecedented period of growth for the American economy, but it also led to overcrowding, exploitation, poverty, corruption among public officials, political unrest, and labor strife. At the same time, however, advances like electricity allowed for increased production, leading to improved standards of living for many Americans. Although there were significant inequalities during this period between those who had money and those who did not, the overall effect was one of progress, with new technologies transforming industry as well as everyday life throughout society.

The Monroe Doctrine was an important foreign policy statement made by President James Monroe in 1823. It declared that the United States would not interfere with existing European colonies or any future colonization efforts, and it warned other nations to stay out of the affairs of the Western Hemisphere. The doctrine also asserted American neutrality in conflicts between European powers and their colonies, as well as a commitment to maintain friendly relations among all countries in the region.

The Salem Witch Trials were a series of prosecutions for witchcraft in colonial Massachusetts between February 1692 and May 1693. The episode is one of the most infamous events in early American history, resulting in the execution of 20 people accused of being witches. The hysteria began after two young girls, Elizabeth Parris and Abigail Williams, claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused several local women of practicing witchcraft. This sparked an investigation that led to numerous arrests and accusations throughout the community.

Rutherford Birchard Hayes was the 19th President of the United States, serving from 1877 to 1881. He is most remembered for his role in ending Reconstruction and restoring a sense of national unity after the Civil War. His presidency was marked by significant accomplishments such as enforcing civil rights laws, protecting Native American lands, and instituting a policy of fiscal responsibility.

The South Carolina Exposition of 1895 was an influential event in the history of the United States. Held from May to October, this exposition showcased the advancements and progress that had been made by Southern states since Reconstruction following the Civil War. The goal of the exposition was to demonstrate how far southern states had come economically, politically, socially, and culturally during a period known as "the New South."

Martin Luther King Jr. was an iconic civil rights leader who made a lasting impact on the history of the United States. He is remembered for his peaceful protests and marches against racial discrimination in America, as well as his powerful speeches, which highlighted the importance of equality and justice for all. His commitment to non-violent resistance helped bring about significant social changes during the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s.

The term "Corrupt Bargaining" is used to describe a political agreement or transaction that is unethical in nature. It can involve any type of exchange, from money and goods to favors and votes. In the context of history, the most famous example of a corrupt bargain was between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay during the 1824 presidential election.

The Boston Tea Party was a political protest that took place in December 1773, when American colonists boarded three British ships and threw their cargo of tea into the harbor. The event is widely considered to be one of the major catalysts for the American Revolution. It was organized by a group known as the Sons of Liberty, who were protesting taxation without representation imposed by Britain on its colonies in North America.