The term "War Hawk" was first used in 1812 to describe a group of Congressmen who favored declaring war against Britain. These members, mostly from the South and West regions of the United States, had strong pro-war sentiments due to their distrust of British influence on American interests. They believed that going to war with Britain would provide an opportunity for expansion into Canada and other territories while also helping protect U.S. maritime rights in international waters. The most prominent among these men were John C Calhoun (SC), Henry Clay (KY), Felix Grundy (TN) and Richard M Johnson (KY).
These War Hawks saw the conflict as an opportunity for economic growth through territorial gains, military glory and national pride. In addition to this, they hoped it would help settle unresolved issues from the Revolutionary War, such as unpaid debts owed by both sides or fishing rights off the Newfoundland coastlin, which Great Britain had claimed exclusive control over despite prior agreements made between them and America during peace negotiations in Paris in 1783. Despite criticism from some Federalists who argued against engaging in what appeared like a hopelessly one- sided fight with little chance of success, when President James Madison issued his call for war on June 1st, 1812, Congress overwhelmingly voted in favor of granting him full authority, thereby initiating hostilities between two nations that would last until February 17th, 1815, when a treaty was signed officially ending all hostilities between them, known today as the Treaty Of Ghent. thus beginning one final chapter in American history, aptly referred to simply as "The War of 1812".