‘But man has almost constant occasion for the help of his brethren, and it is in vain for him to expect it from their benevolence only. He will be more likely to prevail if he can interest their self-love in his favour (..).’ As Adam Smith wrote in chapter 5 of ‘The Wealth of Nations’. Whereas this theory stands to reason at the beginning of many economic theories, specifically that of the rational and self-interested consumer, the act of tipping seems to be part of economic behavior at the opposite direction of Smith’s. Many – unobservable - factors seem to play a role in tipping behavior, leading to imperfect conditions in which consumers choose not to act out of self-interest. What drives a consumer to leave a tip behind? A question researched by many economists, discussed in the following section. In ‘The Norm of Restaurant Tipping’, Conlin, Lynn and O’Donoghue present interesting (psychological) theories explaining tipping behavior of consumers. It turns out that the act of tipping logically would serve as an efficiency enhancing phenomenon, especially in restaurants. Namely, if efficiency is achieved when the waiter maximizes his effort; the waiter is motivated to increase his effort. The framework offered by the writers helps interpreting the results they find concerning the efficiency of tipping behavior, which according …show more content…
Their results highlight the importance of simplifying decision processes and of informing and educating to help consumers in making decisions. Disinterest, the interpretation of defaults as recommendations, as well as too much choice and the complexity of choice problems are according to van Rooij and Teppa factors that clarify why consumers tend to act passively rather than actively in the act of choice
Tipping Inception The novel Tipping Point is written by Malcolm Gladwell and is primarily a book about change. It is a book that explains why things spread, become trendy, and entirely create change general. Change is what makes the world so diverse, things are continuously happening and making society not a routine but, a system of events that we must adapt too.
Tipping has become a huge debate within America. Many times people are unsure of how to tip and what to tip when at a restaurant. In countries overseas like Japan or in Europe, they work their tips into the prices at restaurants. Many claim that this is the way restaurants in America should start to do things. In the article “Don’t Forget to Stiff Your Waiter” by Nachum Sicherman, he argues that tipping is out of date and poses the question of why tipping even came about.
In “The Case Against Tipping,” Michael Lewis argues that we are growing into a society that tips someone “for doing what they’ve already been paid to do” (22). Lewis believes that the more thought the customer puts into deciding whether or not to tip, the more unpleasant it becomes (21). It is putting you under pressure to make a decision based on whether or not the employee needs the money. Lewis continues by arguing that no one who is going to buy a coffee is “evaluating the performance” of the person behind the counter (21).
If a practice or belief fits the status quo, does that mean it is justified? From the founding of the American colonies until 1865, African slavery was the backbone of America’s economy. Slaves were shipped across the Atlantic Ocean in horrendous, fatal conditions, sold as property, branded, and forced to perform grueling labor. In our modern American society, it is commonplace to tip servers and waiters after eating at a restaurant due to numerous extrinsic motivations such as societal norms, and service quality. The cultural practice of tipping fosters a legal environment that promotes poverty, as many states allow servers to be paid less than minimum wage.
Service Not Included But Arguments Are In “Service not Included: Restaurant industry serves up injustice to workers”, the author, Kathleen Kingsbury uses rhetorical techniques to inform her audience of the hardships faced by restaurant workers at a time when “Timepressed Americans eat out for at least five meals a week, and the average household spent $2,620 on food away from home…”. The author uses the three different classes of rhetorical arguments to persuade persuades her audience to support securing and increasing the hourly wage of workers in the restaurant industry, and uses her understanding The Boston Globe’s target audience to craft a convincing article.
The main issue that impacts on individual decisions are regularly unavoidable. Obviously, it is typically great not to square decisions, and we don't intend to shield non-libertarian paternalism here. However, in a vital appreciation, the counter paternalistic position is unintelligible basically in light of the fact that there is no real way to maintain a strategic distance from consequences for behaviour and decisions (Madrian, 2014). Libertarian paternalism completely regards the inclinations of balanced purchasers.
Everyone knows that tipping is an act of kindness that I put towards those who provide service beyond the expectation. Michael Lewis, a convincing author that addressed the pros and cons of tipping. Whether the workers were an excellent server or a poor server determines the amount of the tips that is given. In “The Case Against Tipping,” Michael Lewis created an arguable topic that can in truth get people thinking, but his essay lacks the evidence of logic. Michael Lewis’ first point was valid.
Michael Lynn & Tony Simons’ research shows that female servers generally get bigger tips than male servers. More pretty women get a bigger tip than others, and white servers get a larger tip than black servers. “Tipping is a social behavior that frequently involves members of the opposite sex, so it may be affected by the dynamics of sexual attraction. Consistent with this possibility, a recent meta-analysis found that men tipped more than women, but only when the server was female.” (Lynn, 1997)
In Tony Mirabelli’s writing, “Learning to Serve”, Mirabelli completes an ethnographic study of the service industry. Mirabelli writes on a topic he is quite familiar with, being a waiter. Mirabelli discusses the complexity of being a waiter, although most of these complexities are unknown to people outside of the discourse community. Mirabelli uses his ethnographic study to undermine criticism towards waiters. The main critique Mirabelli rebuts in his writing is that being a waiter does not require skill.
“Why Tipping Is Wrong,” an article found in the New York Times discusses the issue of lower minimum wage for tipped workers. Writer, Saru Jayaraman, the director of the Food Labor Research Institute at Berkeley, argues for the reformation of the law that allows a lower minimum wage for tipped workers. She presents her argument by targeting those who go to restaurants, lawmakers, the waiters/waitresses, and even the restaurant itself. By targeting this specific audience, she is able to speak to those who interact with those working in the industry and those who will be able to make a change in order to fix it. Rhetorical devices are vital in order for arguments to be successful.
Despite common belief, tipping doesn’t incentivize hard work. The factors that go into tip size have virtually nothing to do with the quality of service. Credit card tips are larger than cash tips. Large parties with sizable bills leave disproportionately small tips. We tip servers more if they tell us their names, touch us on the arm, or draw smiley faces on our checks.
In this regard, the restaurants had to provide quality food at affordable prices while at the same time focusing on making profits. Possibly, there are different ways of addressing
In Margaret Visser’s essay, “The Rituals of Fast Food”, she explains the reason why customers enjoy going to fast food restaurants and how it adapt to customer’s needs. Some examples of the most loyal fast-food customers are people seeking convenience, travelers, and people who are drug addicts. First, most loyal customers are people seeking convenience. The reason why fast food restaurants are convenient because longer hours of being open, the prices are good , etc. As Visser said in her essay, “Convenient, innocent simplicity is what the technology, the ruthless politics, and the elaborate organization serve to the customer” (131).
Schools are just like jobs. The boss expects the workers to stay on task and do their work well. Teachers want students to work hard and also do their work with effort. If schools really want students to succeed, shouldn’t they be paid? Paying students motivate them to work hard to learn the criteria.
Student’s Name Professor’s Name Course Number Date Jordan’s Family Restaurant Public space is a critical aspect of any community, as it provides a venue for social interaction and the formation of relationships among individuals. Restaurants are excellent examples of public spaces that are frequented by people of different ages, genders, races, and socio-economic backgrounds. This ethnographic research paper aims to explore Jordan's Family Restaurant located in Detroit.