One of the most recognised contemporary works provides insight into gender, punishment and witches; Malleus Maleficarum. The Malleus is generally agreed upon by historians, such as Behringer and Jerouschek, to feminise witchcraft, and is argued to be the most influential work on the early modern witch trials that led to the numerous persecutions of women. Hans Peter Broedel argues that the Malleus’ gendering of witchcraft was not an attack on women, but an attack on the power of their sexuality, while other historians argue that Kramer did not gender witchcraft, but was focused on exposing the heresy of female witches; “…for intelligent men it appears to be reasonably unsurprising that more women than men are found to be tainted with the Heresy of female witches.” Question six in Malleus contains the social and intellectual understanding of femininity and witchcraft, opening with the question ‘why a larger number of sorcerers are found among the delicate female sex …show more content…
Whilst financial pressure did have some weight in terms of causes of the witch trials, it acted more as a symptom of another factor rather than a reason itself. Throughout the early modern period, witchcraft was a method to exercise power; confessions could be used as a subversion of female roles within society, and accusations acted to consolidate them; a means of breaking the barriers of social class, or constructing them. Equally, the government passed laws against sorcery, just as peasants loathed the phenomenon, and persecutors exploited it to explain misfortune, while the accused used it to make sense of traumatic experiences. Overall, the witchcraft persecutions of the early modern period were rooted in the populous’ need to exert authority over
With this knowledge, we can start to see the role that the English legal system may have played in keeping the volume of executions for witchcraft lower than that of continental Europe. By giving the accused people a legitimate trial process and requiring evidence to prove guilt, the English may have been able to keep the death toll down by a significant
In our civilization, people are not put on trial for similar conditions, but Puritans considered that witchcraft was an immorality opposing God and condemned by death. The theocratic union of the territory controlled precisely in all trials relevant to imagined
At some point during the 15th century, Witchcraft was a normal part of everyday life. Witches accompanied religious ministers to help the ill or to deliver a baby. They were regarded as having spiritual power in their communities. When something went wrong, no one questioned the ministers or the power of the witchcraft. Instead, they questioned whether the witch intended to inflict harm or not.
Similarly, during the witch trials, those accused of witchcraft were often targeted due to their religious beliefs, practices, or sexual orientation. This parallel shows how power targets and punishes individuals based on their background rather than any actual
Accusations of witchcraft began to surface, and soon dozens of people were arrested and put on trial. The trials were deeply flawed, relying on spectral evidence and confessions obtained through torture. Many of the accused were women, and their alleged crimes were rooted in sexist stereotypes. By the time the hysteria subsided, twenty people had been executed and several more had died in jail. The witch trials demonstrated the dangers of mass hysteria and the danger of groupthink, as people were swept up in a frenzy of fear and suspicion.
Now people had something real, and in front of them to fear. The confessions had them believing the witches were to blame for all their problems. Because of this belief, people would say and do crazy things to track down more witches. Evidence used in witch trials was often mostly people recounting dreams, in which God came to them and told them who a witch was.5. That, and the rumor that people with moles on their faces were witches, led to a lot of innocent people being accused.
as a result, many poor puritans or farmers faced the with problem on are they getting to church, a lot of the churches were in areas that was too far for many people so they couldn’t make it to church and worship God. Many tried to come up with a solution by asking their government to move or build another church closer to where they live, but the requests were turned down multiple times. The wealthy had abundant amounts of influence on the government Like choosing priest, Church style and location and more. With this influence, this played a role in the Salem witch trials because a lot of hysteria and greed were going around. So the opportunity arose some many people decided claim witchcraft on people they don’t like or a chance to claim their land for them causing many innocent people to get hanged or thrown in jail because of greed.
In the early 1500’s witchcraft was punishable by death. In The Crucible nine-eight people were accused of witchcraft for selfish motivations. In 1931, two young women accused nine African American Boys of raping them because they were crossing state line and they were prostitutes’.
Salem, Massachusetts, USA and occurred between February 1692 and May 1693. Over 150 people were arrested and imprisoned and even more accused; but not pursued by the authorities. 29 were convicted of witchcraft but only 19 were hanged. The best known trials were in the Court of Oyer and Terminer.
The Salem Witch Trials; Madness or Logic In Stacey Schiff’s, List of 5 Possible Causes of the Salem Witch Trials and Shah Faiza’s, THE WITCHES OF SALEM; Diabolical doings in a Puritan village, discuss in their articles what has been debated by so many historians for years, the causes of the Salem Witch trials. Schiff and the Faiza, purpose is to argue the possible religious, scientific, communal, and sociological reasons on why the trials occurred. All while making word by word in the writer’s testimony as if they were there through emotion and just stating simply the facts and theories. They adopt the hectic tone in order to convey to the readers the significance, tragedy, logic, loss, and possible madness behind these life changing events,
The town of Salem, Massachusetts was run by a strict theocracy. The Puritan theocracy looked down upon activities that would be considered “fun,” an example being dancing. If people were caught doing a sinful activity such as this, they could, and most often would, be punished. The punishment for dancing would usually involve being struck by a whip. This way of life was especially difficult for young children who had more energy to use than their lifestyle would allow.
During the hysteria of 1692 in Salem, Massachusetts, many people were accused of practicing witchcraft. Therefore, their reputation, was ruined. Other people committed many sins in order to keep their reputation clean in town. For instance, some characters had to lie, fight, and accuse other people of witchcraft which could get the individual out of trouble and keep their hands clean. when a person got accused of being a witch, the person’s reputation would get ruined and the person would go to jail or be hanged.
Imagine being a wealthy 45-year-old woman in 1692 being accused of being a witch. The Salem Witch trials were caused by jealousy, fear, and lying. People believed that the devil was real and that one of his tricks was to enter a normal person 's body and turn that person into a witch. This caused many deaths and became a serious problem in 1692. First of all, jealousy was one of the causes of the Salem witch trials.
As Whitney mentioned, the witch hunts occurred in the 17th century were due to the fears of women becoming “economically and psychological” independent, and threatening the male control of property and social order. Those women were viewed as “discontent” meaning the refusal of accepting their predetermined social status (Whitney 85). In contrast, men who had high authority and social status like the Putmans and Parris could purposely manipulate women and instigated the public resentment to falsely accuse, and cruelly eliminate their enemies such as Rebecca and other accused witches. Certainly, the girls and women in the Putman and Parris’s families who made the false accusations of witches and witchcraft were wielded by
After reading “Devil in the Shape of a Woman: The Economic Basis of Witchcraft “by Carol Karlsen I was intrigued by Karlsen’s interpretation, and upset about the ways women were treated. During these witch hunts women and men alike were accused of the crime, but the majority were women. I found it interesting that she related the commonly known Puritan beliefs, which lead to accusations of witchcraft, with gender roles. She ultimately says that Puritans feared these accused women because they symbolized female independence. I found it shocking that women, often the wealthier, had a greater chance of being let go of their accusations if they had a husband to spoke on their behalf.