2.6 The Second Industrial Revolution The First Industrial Revolution, which began in the 18th century, merged into the Second Industrial Revolution around 1850, when technological and economic progress gained momentum with the development of steam-powered ships, railways, and later in the 19th century with the internal combustion engine and electrical power generation. Industrialization allowed cheap production of household items using economies of scale, while rapid population growth created sustained demand. Some industry and industrial technique developed for the wars was carried over, converted to peacetime purposes. The first industrial revolution was centered on textiles, iron and steam engine technologies, while the second industrial revolution revolved around steel, railroads, petroleum and chemicals and, finally, electricity.232 From 1815 to 1870 …show more content…
The new Russian Emperor Alexander II tried to recover Russia from the loss of the war by making radical reforms of his policies and administrations, including an attempt to not depend on a landed aristocracy controlling the poor, a move to developing Russia's natural resources. He built a great network of railways, partly for the purpose of developing the natural resources of the country, and partly for the purpose of increasing its power for defense and attack. His most important achievement was the emancipation of serfs in 1861, for which he became known as Alexander the Liberator. Following this emancipation, he sought to repay money to its landowners and borrowed 15 million pounds sterling from Rothschilds at 5% annually.241 After realizing difficulty of defending Alaska (1,518,800 km2) from British, he decided to sell it to a third party, the United States, in 1867 at $7.2 million, or about 2 cents per acre ($4.74/km2).241 The valuable minerals including gold and oil were discovered in Alaska beginning from 1880, thirteen years after the
The industrial Revolution can be described as a change in the way produce were manufactured and exchanged, as American industrialists between 1865 and 1915 used advancing industrial innovations and expenditure to convey better productivity to their industries, that noticeably increased their merchandise and their capability
“The most important of the changes that brought about the Industrial Revolution were (1) the invention of machines to do the work of hand tools; (2) the use of steam, and later of other kinds of power, in place of the muscles of human beings and of animals; and (3) the adoption of the factory system” (Industrial Revolution). The Industrial Revolution was a big event that happened in Europe. Those three main changes impacted everything in a huge way. The Industrial Revolution in Europe was a positive occurrence that changed how products were made and how people lived their everyday lives.
With the landscape of America being changed by the expansion of the railroad–which tripled in miles between 1860 and 1890–and a growing population, mass production, distribution, and marketing drove the country into the “second industrial revolution.” Manufacturing and steel production skyrocketed, creating mass migration–and immigration–to industrial cities. With new technological innovations and scientific breakthroughs, the country experienced rapid economic growth. While it would seem that Americans had finally reached the land of milk and honey, it appears they had fallen short; they had arrived in The Gilded Age.
The most important shift in factories’ development is industrialization. The industrial Revolution took place from 1750-1850 and 1850-1914. The industrial Revolution marked the advancement of power-driven machinery being installed in factories. The process of industrialization is called a revolution because it changes how factories manufacture their products. The effects of industrialization were new technologies and new manufacturing methods.
The 1st and 2nd industrial revolution were two major events that both occurred within 1750 CE to 1900 CE. Both “revolutions” were marked by advancements in industrialization/mechanization and increased productivity (efficiency). Another similarity was their impact on the population in whole and the working population. On the other hand, two differences were that the inventions made and the areas the revolution spread to.
The Industrial Revolution was one of the most drastic changes in society, economy, and overall life throughout Great Britain. By the 1780’s, the British Industrial Revolution began to truly accelerate after people realized they had access to resources such as coal and iron. The people of England used these resources to create machines, such as the Steam Engine. Not only did these new inventions make England wealthy, but transportation and the quality of clothing also improved, along with several other issues. Yet, although so much change was in occurrence, it was not all positive.
The second phase ended in 1914 when World War 1 began. The Industrial Revolution took place in 1760 through 1830. It was largely confined by Great Britain as they knew they now had an advantage. They forbade the export and trade of
he Industrial Revolution overall had a positive effect on happiness in the workplace, village space, and resources for workers. The first example that shows it was positive is that the children were happy and had never been beaten in work. According to the 3rd document it says “They seemed to always be cheerful and alert” this tells me that it was positive because the children never got beat and they were always happy and cheerful to be at work which could cause better work ethic. Another positive thing is that in the village they were given more places to stay and they were fed and clothed.
Following the first industrial revolution was the second in the 1880’s. This revolution was centered on steal, oil, railroads and electricity. Again there was a massive demand for unskilled workers to man the assembly lines and equipment in the factories. The
THE SECOND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION The Second Industrial Revolution also known as the American Industrial Revolution was a time when inventions and inventors were flourishing. It had so many great effects on America. The world we live in wouldn't quite be the same without it. This Industrial Revolution made history for good reason.
In this time period industrialism was very prevalent. The first Industrial Revolution consisted of worker abuse, outbreak of diseases, and gender exploitation. Throughout this period there were many reforms and changes made in order to ease people’s comcerns and issues. Afer the reforms were made, there was a period known as the Second Industrial Revolution. Throughout this time, Germany was also progressing at a great speed , and Henry Bessemer figured out how to mass produce steel using super heated air to melt iron’s imperfections.
From the 1700s to the 1900s, dramatic political, social, technological, and economic changes were made. Along with the scientific, political, and agricultural revolutions of the 18th and 19th centuries came the Industrial Revolution. Beginning in the 1750s, manufacturing began to revolutionize in England. A transition to using coal as the primary energy source generated a plethora of technological advancements. Factories became the dominant source of produced goods.
The Second Industrial Revolution in America, though beneficial to the growth of our nation, was built by the blood and sweat of overworked coal miners between the late 1890s and the turn of the century. Coal became an essential part of life for the average family, for it fueled the industry which people worked (i.e. factories and mills), and gave warmth and a cooking stove to their homes. One would think that those working in the dangerous mines—for such a public necessity—would be compensated fairly for their work, unfortunately the opposite was occurring. Large, privately owned, coal operators, such as those in Kanawha County, West Virginia, allowed greed to override their common decency, as they took advantage of the uneducated, and desperate workers. After many attempts of an amicable resolution to unwavering private operators, a tipping point shifted the balance for the coal miners, and a strike was inevitable.
Looking at the past, and exploring technologies that have had an impact on society is a valuable tool for entrepreneurs. There is much to learn about the Industrial Revolution and how the technologies developed at the time played such a huge role. The Industrial Revolution first instigated in England, then spread like wildfire throughout the world during the 18th and early 19th centuries. The lives of ordinary people was transformed dramatically, by a series of engineering inventions and industrial achievements allowing industry to develop so fast that society could barely keep up.
During the 1760s to the 1840s, the industrial revolution drastically changed how things were manufactured. The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe, and the United States. This transition included going from hand-crafted production, to manufacturing machines that could produce metals such as iron. The machinery used during the industrial revolution used water and steam power in an efficient way to increase the rate of production. As output increased at this time, there was a great rise in population, and an increase in the rate of population growth.