Professori Mark Bocija Henry also had written a book against Luther's theology, and the pope was so grateful for his support that he awarded him the title "Defender of the Faith." However, there were some people who refused to swear allegiance to the new church and were executed. Most of Henry's subjects considered themselves Catholics. In 1536, Henry began to suppress monasteries and confiscate their property and land. There was a rebellion by numerous tenants whose lives had been disrupted due to Henry's actions, and these were not solely motivated by religious concerns. Edward VI, son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour, was only 9 when he rose to power after his father died. He was a protestant. After he dies, his half-sister, Mary, was next …show more content…
A royal palace was built in honor of St. Lawrence and it also symbolized the power of Phillip as well as his commitment to the Catholic crusade. In the Netherlands, protestant influences had spread and it appealed to the urban populations. These people responded enthusiastically to Luther's of the rights of the individual and also to Calvin's argument. According to Phillip, in order to strengthen his control over the urban Netherland provinces, he had to get rid of the Protestants. After softer measures had failed to send the Protestants out, Phillip sent an army to enforce religious conformity. This sparked a resistance formed around William of Orange. The Franco-Catholic provinces sided with the Spanish while the North's provinces formed a Protestant alliance. This battle was more of a battle for their independence rather than a battle to defend their religion. Also, Elizabeth refused Phillips proposal to marry her and she provided assistance to the Protestant Netherlands to gain independence from Spain. Phillip did not like this and so he sought to attack England and also hoped to make England Catholic again. Phillip's attempt to invade England ended in disaster because of bad weather, poor planning and the good skills of English sailors. Phillip was attacking England on the basis that they helped the Netherlands and also because he wanted to make England a Catholic country again. But it can also be argued that, maybe he was just angry because Queen Elizabeth refused to accept his proposal and he was just looking for a way to get back at her and used the religious aspect of the war as an excuse to cover up his ulterior
At the year 1524, Martin Luther, a significant figure in the Reformation and the founder of Lutheranism, had just finished hiding in Frederick the Wise’s Saxony castle after the Edict of Worms declared that he was an “outlaw” of the Holy Roman Empire. Luther’s action that led up to this event was the publication of the 95 Theses in 1517, which denounced indulgences and attacked the corruption of the papacy. Luther was able to remain hidden due to the extreme decentralization of the Holy Roman Empire. Emperor Charles V could not devote much of his attention to Luther, as he was controlling Spain, The Holy Roman Empire, and the New World.
According to document 3 The English settlers say that the cause of philip's war was due to the english wanting to convert the Indians christianity the source states”Various are the reports and conjectures of the causes of the present Indian warre. Some impute it to an imprudent zeal in the magistrates of Boston to christianize those heathen before they were civilized “ (easto, john) this explains how the English felt the war started based on religious discrepancies and well as moral
Prior to 1550, the European continent was dominated by Catholicism and had been for centuries. However, Protestantism first introduced by Martin Luther had begun to make inroads in the Holy Roman Empire and Nordic countries. Despite the growing popularity of these new religions, the majority of monarchs saw religious diversity as a weakness. Instead, most rulers pursued Religious uniformity to ensure political stability and strength. Examples of monarchs attempting to achieve religious university abound from Charles V in the Holy Roman Empire and Spain, to Rome, and to England.
This faithfulness to his king directly correlates to his and the other Spanish settlers’ goal to help strengthen their mother country economically and government with their rivalry with the other European countries. The leaders of Spain, along with Britain and France, were all a part of a global power struggle. By the late 1700s, the different European leaders all heard about the steady flow of money and treasures which were coming from North America. These powers soon entered into a struggle to impose their supremacy on colonies and trade routes. So, many people had the same mindset as Fernando de Rivera y Moncada where he wanted to rebuild the Catholic Spanish Population which was greatly decreased after English Protestants began to colonize North
After he died and Edward became the successor, Edward VI lead to a lead in Protestantism, more specifically, Calvinism. Mary’s reign lead to a switch back to Catholicism. She married one of the strongest supporters of Catholicism, Philip II of Spain, and many Protestants left England in search of religious freedom. Lastly, Elizabeth
King Henry VIII started the English Reformation when he wanted to divorce his wife, Catherine of Aragon, when she failed to birth a son. The Roman Catholic Church did not believe in divorce. Henry got the Archbishop to grant his divorce, against the Pope’s will.
King Henry’s marriage to Katherine was finally annulled and he remarried to one of the queen’s servants Anne Boleyn but she did not bear a son either. When he died England became mainly Calvinistic with hints of Protestantism. The Catholic Church had a fairly slow response to the accusations of the corruption but they did form the Council of Trent which had the main job of defeating heresy in the Church. This council also introduced the Counter-Reformation which made many changes to the way the Church was being run and added more intellect elements in with the teachings.
Later, a revolt led by William the Silent, the prince of Orange, grew very strong. People of the Northern provinces lived on land that was below the sea level, protected by large dikes. They opened the dikes flooding the countryside and leaving Phillip’s army helpless. In 1579, under William’s leadership the Northern provinces declared their independence from Spain and became
Due to the fact that Henry forced the archbishop of England at that time a divorce, without the pope knowing, it caused England to break away from the Roman Catholic Church and having Henry place himself as the head of the church. Henry's second wife was Anne Boleyn and had died in a pretty gruesome way. After nearly seven years Henry went after the only goal he had which was a male heir. Unfortunately for Queen Anne Boleyn she was not able to produce this male. Later on during their marriage Henry heard that she was having an affair with one of Henry’s confidants.
The question, “Why the fighting started?” isn’t as complicated for King Philips War, as it is when examining Bacon’s Rebellion. Bacon’s rebellion was a result of settlers in the backcountry become upset about the weak efforts of the aristocrats in the East to protect them from Indian attacks. Bacon led the backcountry in attacking the Indians over some land, defying the government of Virginia, which caused fighting to begin not only against the Indians, but also against the Governor and the settlers in Jamestown. In comparison, King Phillip’s war began strictly as the Indians fought to defend their threatened way of life as the English quickly populated New England and destroyed forests. Although Bacon’s rebellion began over more diverse issues, both the rebellion and King Phillips war began over the root issue of English greed and taking
Great Britain was mostly ruled by protestants at the time of the plot; protestants refer to many religious groups that dissociate from the Roman Catholic Church. With Catholics having to face a lot of oppression against them due to the majority rule by protestants, being provided with no freedom, and many anti-Catholic laws put into place, enforcing the dominance of the Church of England, which is a protestant church. Frustrated by this, they thought the answer was to eliminate the protestants ruling the parliament, hoping to revive Catholicism as the governing religion in Britain, invoking religious freedom. The Catholic prosecutors had a desire for change, for not only religious but also political reasons.
A precipitating factor would be that the colonists still valued English protection and feared the Catholic colony of New France who were fighting for fur trade. While the English colonies were preoccupied with the Glorious Revolution, French forces of the fur trade were seen attacking New York and New England. This developed into what is known as King William's War, which illustrated the conflict against France in Europe. It was caused by colonial outgrowth and lasted until 1697. The conflict is seen as a distinguishing mark that along with the English royal government there also came the weight of military security.
25) A European noble like Henry the II would view the church as a threat to their power because Henry had a hard time controlled the church. Also, the churches usually had many conflicts and arguments against other churches, which decreased the power that Henry the II had. 26) It can be argued that Benedict of Nursia is the founder of monasticism because he was responsible for the introducing monasticism.
The Bishop Wars took place in Scotland and England, when Charles I tried to convert Scotland from Presbyterianism to Anglicanism. After invading Scotland twice, Charles I and English troops were defeated by the Scottish. This military blunder had effects in Ireland, where the English feared a Catholic revolt against the Crown and in early 1641 there were proposals to invade Ireland to subdue Catholicism in case an Irish Catholic army was planning to land in Scotland or England. The other factor that lead up to the 1641 Rebellion were the Plantations. The Plantations had left thousands of Irish without land or work, including clan leaders, and this left many Irish Catholics resentful towards the English crown.
In the late 16th century, Catholic Spain was defeated by the no longer oppressed Dutch Republic, with the aid of Protestant England. This opened a gateway to the New World and the Dutch had risen as a leading colonial power in the 17th century. Now that they had an advantage in power,