There are six major perspectives in psychology such as the behavioral approach, the psychodynamic approach, the cognitive approach, the humanistic approach, the social approach and the biological approach in order to understand its nature (Jarvis, 2000, p. 1). In this paper, I will define the psychodynamic approach and the humanistic approach and compare them. Psychodynamic Perspective Psychodynamic perspective is focused on the unconscious processes such as emotions, wishes etc., relationships (most importantly parenting) and childhood experiences (Jarvis, 2000, p. 31). Also, psychodynamic perspective is composed of both a personality theory and a motivation theory (Glassman & Hadad, 2004, p. 204). The founder of psychodynamic perspective …show more content…
60-61). In humanistic perspective, people have free will and have the power of shaping the future on their own and also people know what is best for them. Moreover, the aim of humanistic psychology is to make people make their own choices and fulfill their potential. The pioneers of the humanistic perspective are Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. 1. The actualizing tendency Rogers (1959) claimed that every human’s goal in life is fulfill their potentials, or in another words, actualizing (as cited in Jarvis, 2000, p. 62). Rogers believed that if the conditions and environment is good enough, people will fulfill their potentials and reach the highest level of being a human. Furthermore, Rogers claimed that every person has a unique potential and due to the personality differences, people will develop in different ways. Rogers (1961) claimed that self-esteem is very important in accordance with the self concept and self-esteem can be explained as the level of liking ourselves (as cited in Jarvis, 2000, pp. 62-63). Rogers believed that we have an image of the ideal-self and who we really are and if these two images are the same, than we will have a good …show more content…
7). Furthermore, the psychodynamic and the humanistic approach are both take the view that these approaches are not strictly scientific, yet they still use scientific methods and conduct scientific research (Jarvis, 2000, p. 8). Finally, a humanistic psychologist Rogers’s ideas, just like psychodynamic psychologist Freud’s ideas are derived from several cases and this is interpreted as subjective and depends on how the psychologists interpreted of these cases (Jarvis, 2000, p. 65). Contrasts In humanistic psychology people have free will but there is no free will (determinism) in psychodynamic approach (Jarvis, 2000, p. 60). Humanistic approach is developed because of the limitations of behavioral and psychodynamic approaches (Jarvis, 2000, p. 61). Moreover, humanistic approach is taken a positive perspective unlike the psychodynamic perspective. Lastly, humanistic perspective’s theories are more subjective and hard to be tested compared to the psychodynamic approach (Jarvis, 2000, p. 74).
(Page 8 &9) 9. A: A. The Humanistic Perspective is a school that believes, unlike the Psychodynamic Perspective, that the study of psychology should focus in on only the conscious experiences. They believe that we should only study and read into the behaviors that we can see, even if they can’t be measured. (Page 9 & 10)
Roger’s Humanist Theory believes, “That humans are innately good and that they are growth oriented,” (Nye, pg. 105, 2000). Due to the fact that this theory has the belief that individuals are inherently good, Beth’s negative behaviors are not part of her personality, but formed out of her early childhood environment. The Humanistic approach also states, to reach self-actualization, the environment surrounding an individual must be nurturing (Sougstad, Humanistic Psychology, 2018); Beth was not afforded with this type of environment, explaining her negative and harmful behaviors towards her family. In addition, the Humanistic Theory also concludes, “Humans basically need and want both personal fulfillment and close, intimate relationships with others,” (Nye, Pg. 98, 2000). Referring back to Beth’s early childhood environment again, the lack of an appropriate, intimate and caring relationship between her and her biological parents left her without the needed environment to fully develop.
Ivan Pavlov, best known for classical conditioning. B.F. Skinner who was known for operant conditioning and Edward Thorndike, known for the law of effect. What is Humanistic psychology? This approach underscores the study of the whole person. Humanistic psychologists observe the human behavior, not only through the eyes of the observer, but also through the eyes of the person behaving.
The main aim of this assignment is to find out the strength and weakness, similarities and differences between the different approaches of psychology such as biological approach, behavioural approach and psychodynamic approach. I have chosen mental illness to evaluate these approach. The biological, behavioural and psychodynamic approaches of psychology are connected to the nature and nurture argument. The biological approach highly talks about nature side of the argument and states that all behaviour is biological and is treatable.
Psychology is the scientific study of how human think, how they feel about issues and their behaviour in this research we will learn the meaning of perspectives in Psychology, dwelling on the biological and behavioural approach, I will discuss the difference and commonalities between the two perspectives. WHAT’S PERSEPCTIVE IN PSYCHOLOGY In contemporary psychology perspective simply implies an approach that involves some assumptions about how people behave, how they function and the best way to define this seeming behaviours. There is no one way to approach this perspectives, one is not above the other, though for a long while the behavioural approach was holding the ace being assumed to be the only scientific one.
According to Wagner, humanistic approach is primarily a reaction to the two major views of humanity which are the Freudian perspective and the behavioral perspective thus humanitaristic approach is the “third force”. Humanistic approach highly gives emphasis to the individual that learning how to learn is more important than acquiring factual knowledge. Teachers can play their role in helping the students how to learn and their thinking gives emphasis rather than teachers’ teaching determination.
Personal agency is a humanistic term that can be likened to the notion of free will. Carl Rogers, the pioneer of humanistic psychology, believed that mental disorders occur when an individual feels as though they have lost control of their lives, and that this control is regained once the individual learns more about their true beliefs and goals (Rogers & Koch, 1959), this “loss of control” is akin to an individual losing their ability to act on their own free will. Although the humanistic approach might show how free will and psychology are compatible, due to the approach’s phenomenological views, it is often regarded as unscientific and vague, as there is no way to concretely measure “personal agency” or free will (Geller, 1982). One of the first neuro-scientific studies into the free-will/determinism argument was conducted by , Kornhuber and Deecke (1976). In their experiment, they discovered a phenomenon – “readiness potential” (RP).
The Traditional Western approach to modern psychology considers psychology as a science. The knowledge obtained needs to be free of values or predispositions as this could impact the theory or research completely. Our personal feelings need to be set aside to ensure accurate results. Psychology needs
In the article selected, explains the association of humanistic and positive psychology in determining human beings' behavior. Positive psychology is idealistically finding and learning to understand the existence of happiness in our lives and embracing it as part of it (Fernald, p200, 2008). Additionally, it also emphasizes how both theories are expected
The Psychodynamic Model (or psychoanalytic psychotherapy) is a form of therapy that is built to help clients understand their emotions, feelings, and behavior patterns, so that clients might be able to understand themselves at a higher level and be able to consciously make a better decision for themselves, and how a person’s childhood might have affected their life in later years. I will be discussing the history behind the psychodynamic theory, going more in-depth with the model itself, explaining what it’s used for, and discussing some of the theories that follow alongside the psychodynamic model. The book explains that the “basic personality, developmental processes, and interpersonal relationship,” (Edwards, pg. 70) are the focus interest
In regards to the four theoretical perspectives from chapter 2, I feel that the Humanistic perspective does the best job at explaining personality. Humanistic psychology evolved in the 1960s as a reaction to psychodynamic psychology and behaviorism. It seems that the main issue humanists had with the behavioral and psychodynamic theories is that these two models are somewhat dehumanizing (Weiten). The reason why I feel that this perspective does the best job is because of the fact that it takes into consideration the unique qualities of human beings.
In the early 1960’s the humanistic movement was developed in America, this was termed ‘third force’ as it was aimed to replace the two main approaches such as behaviourism and psychoanalysis. Some theories are concerned with human experiences such as uniqueness, meaning, freedom and choice. Empathy is where you are putting yourself in someone else’s shoes and seeing how they feel. Carl Rogers (1902-1987) was an American psychologist who believed that personality formed a result of our strivings to reach our full human potential. He is one of the pioneering founders of the humanistic approach, he moved away from traditional psychoanalysis and developed client- centred psychotherapy.
Human behavior can be explained by various approaches in psychology. The Behavioral approach considers all behaviors to be learnt while Psychodynamic approach states that behavior is innate. Therefore human behavior cannot be restricted to be explained by a single description. Human behavior can be classified as normal and abnormal. For this differentiation various criteria can be used.
Psychologist of this field focus on how you can fulfil your needs and goals, in order to feel good about yourself. The goal of humanistic approach is to offered a supportive environment in which individuals could gain insight into
With the aid of the two counseling theories, Roger’s personality theory and Adlerian personality theory, I managed to make a personal self-reflection on my values, attitudes, beliefs and how became who am I today. I certainly have an affinity for humanistic approach because it emphasized that every person has their own unique way to perceive and make sense of world. It also focused more understanding people’s subjectivity. The theory under humanistic approach that helped to reflect and gain insight about myself is Carl Roger’s personality theory. The reason I chose this theory because I feel it holds true to my personality development compared and I like his concept and emphasis on the importance of the self-actualizing tendency in shaping human personalities.