Hydroxyapatite: Synthesis Lab Report

Chapter 5
Synthesis procedure of hydroxyapatite
5.1 HYDROXYAPATITE
5.1.1 INTRODUCTION
A vast number of research efforts were made during the past few decades directed towards the synthesis of various biomaterials for biomedical applications. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a bio-ceramic and noteworthy among various classes of biomaterials due to its wide range of applications in orthopaedics and dentistry. Naturally occurring HAp crystallizes is in hexagonal crystal system (P63/m) having the chemical formula of one unit cell being Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2. Moreover, HAp is an important inorganic osteoconductive bio-ceramic which has attracted the attention of researchers due to its close resemblance with bone apatite and excellent biocompatibility. Hap calcium phosphate is a bio-ceramic material of chemical and mineralogical resemblance to the non-organic constituent of bones and teeth. Furthermore, HAp is an excellent

Wet method is also called chemical method which includes precipitation, hydrothermal technique and hydrolysis. While dry method consist solid state reaction method. The final material varies according to preparative route in the aspects of morphology, stoichiometry, and level of crystallinity. Recent development involves sol-gel, spray pyrolysis, mechanochemical method which is well recognized in literature. Sakka and co-workers first employed sol-gel method to prepare HAp.
It is well recognized that sol-gel techniques have several benefits for producing ceramic particulates amid high purity, high crystallinity, and controllable grain size with good scalability. Sol-gel process, though, has a few drawbacks such as the need of costly precursor resources and little homogeneity of the finishing product. We report, herein, a cost effective sol-gel method for the gram-scale synthesis of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles using inexpensive starting materials of less toxicity.
5.1.2