Instrument: The Student-Life Stress Inventory (SSI), (Gadzella, 1991) was the instrument used to assess its nine categories. The SSI is a 51-item paper and pencil questionnaire, consisting of nine categories (five stressors and four reactions to stressors). The five stressors are: frustrations, conflicts, pressures, changes, and self-imposed. Frustrations (seven items), assesses experiences dealing with delays in reaching goals, daily hassles, lack of sources, failure to reach set goals, socially being unacceptable, dating disappointments, and denials in opportunities. Conflicts (three items), assesses one’s choices between two or more desirable alternatives, between two or more undesirable alternatives, and with both desirable and undesirable …show more content…
Total SSI .92 DISCUSSION One purpose of the present study was to analyze the ratings of the items (and categories) of the Student-life Stress Inventory for the total group of 336 participants. Several computations were reported. First, the internal consistencies for the nine categories of the SSI varied from .61 (Self-imposed) to .86 (Conflicts). In the 1991 study 7 (Gadzella, Fullwood, & Ginther) with 95 subjects, the internal consistencies for the categories varied from .52 (Frustrations) to .85 (Changes). In the 2001 study (Gadzella & Baloglu), the internal consistencies for the categories varied from .63 (Self-imposed) to .86 (Changes) and .86 (Physiological). Overall, the internal consistencies (alphas) for the categories in the SSI from these three studies were very similar. Therefore, one can conclude that, even after 13 years, the categories in the SSI are fairly reliable in measuring the contents in the different types of stressors and reactions to …show more content…
Data were displayed showing the total ranges of the ratings, medians, means, and standard deviations for each of the categories. These data provide additional information that was not reported previously. From the data, one notes that the Self-imposed category (which included stressors one imposes on self) was the most stressful among the stressors categories. The Physiological category (which includes emotional and behavioral reactions) involved the most common reactions to stressors. In providing these additional data on the SSI, there should be a better understanding of how the SSI was constructed, and how it can be used in future research
Unit 2 Assignment: Diagnostic Writer’s Response Whether it is a little or a lot, everyone experiences stress at some point. Stress does not always have a negative effect, most of the time the effects can be positive. On the other hand stress is associated with the development of most major mental health problems such as depression, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and pathological aging (Marin, 2011). It has also been linked to all leading physical causes of death such as heart disease, cancer and stroke (Cohen, Janicki-Deverts, & Miller, 2007).
Stress is something we all go through and over time our stress beings to build up. Many believe that stress starts to impact one 's life by the time they start middle school or the beginning of their teenage years. The transition from elementary to middle school into high school can be very intense. Students become highly influenced by their surroundings which makes them susceptible to descended into unhealthy coping mechanisms. At this point in time their lives are shifting dramatically, they will be encountering many different people.
Grades are one of the biggest stresses in middle school. With all of the big tests and the fear that if you fail then your whole future is ruined. Also most kids feel that they are always doing something for school, whether it is studying or homework they often feel the urge to cheat on them. Most schools are based on standardized tests and how well you do on them, middle schoolers are very stressed on a regular bases. Grades can cause many different things to happen to students like loads of stress.
Many students feel as if there is no one to turn to because their parents and other adults did not undergo this excessive amount of stress when they were young. The anxiety is so crippling some think there is no hope that things will get better, or they are worried they will let their parents down that the easiest solution is dying. Stress in high school is a problem that leads many teens and children to suicide, and Robbins highlights this with the statistics
For perceived susceptibility our model displays how most college students view stress or anxiety as unimportant health issues and as a norm. As well as how most college students do not know the difference between stress and anxiety so they cannot pick up the signs of anxiety. The perceived severity of stress in high levels can harm physical and mental well-being, such as: decreased sleep, hindered decision-making, weakened immune system, memory loss, and emotional imbalance. For anxiety the perceived severity is in high levels cause even more detrimental health factors, such
Often, these high levels of stress can lead to academic failure (Kim, Oliveri, Riingin, Taylor, & Rankin, 2013). Stress can be defined from
List the citation (in APA format) 1. What is the citation of the article? Greer, T.M. (2008). Racial and ethnic-related stressors as predictors of perceived stress and academic performance for african american students at a historically black college and university. The Journal of Negro Education, 77(1), 60-71.
2. Insert the ad at the beginning of your Discussion Forum Questions Job Title: Manager of Rachel’s Meat and Deli General Description (Purpose and Function): Manages and coordinates the daily operations of the combination meat/deli/convenience store. Maintains the budget and coordinates all operations, including supervising all staff and ordering of products and food to maintain appropriate stock for deli, meat counter, and convenience store items. Trains staff as needed. Primary Duties and Responsibilities: Manages daily operations and performance of the staff to ensure all departments are well stocked, clean and maintained in an appropriate manner.
In college, students experience a great deal of stress for the first time in their lives. In the past, they experienced little stresses that came with growing up, but now they experience stress from the real world and it can be overwhelming. The stress in college is more serious than any they had experienced prior because it is a time that will define the rest of their lives. For many, this is the first time getting a loan, the first time having to care for themselves, the first time studying for massive exams, and the first time that their decisions will affect the rest of their lives. The main types of stress college students experience are financial stress, parental stress, class stress, social stress, and self-invoked stress.
‘Stress’ is one of the biggest problems of this modern society we live in; a problem people have to face daily and need to learn how to deal with in order to live a healthy life. Even though some people say that some kinds of stress are good for you, stress can, firstly, lead to some serious health problems. Secondly, if not dealt with, it can affect your thoughts and feelings. Finally, it can impact not only your body, but your behavior as well, and the consequences can be very dangerous. Psychologists state that there are two kinds of stress: the ‘good stress’ and the ‘bad stress’.
For example, animal experimentations conceptualized stress as a physiological drive that is triggered by negative environmental stimuli. As such, coping behaviors were seen as acts of controlling how we respond to these negative stimuli. On the other hand, psychoanalytic ego psychology presented a trait and style approach to coping. In this perspective, the traits and characteristics that individuals possess will determine how they react to particular types of stimuli. However, there are limitations to this approach.
Introduction This essay will look into how the concepts of resilience and the four trajectories proposed by Bonanno can be applied in the case studies. The target population of the case studies is people with medical conditions, namely, spinal cord injury, SARS and breast cancer. Furthermore, this essay will focus on the similarities of how people behave when facing a stressful situation. [[[[[Different percentages of trajectories, the possible predictors and the reason of the differences in the percentages of different trajectories]]]]]] Stressors and effects The first study is about people suffering from spinal cord injuries.
(2009). If the individual has a strong protective factor against stress and knows how to manage his/her
3. Review of literature 3.1 Stress and its types: Stress is an essential mediator of human behaviour. Immediate physiological response to any type of stressor facilitates survival of the species at its maximum. Despite of normal homeostatic regulatory mechanism, the stress responses can become maladaptive. Chronic stress, for example immobilization, exposure to noise, irradiations, psychological stress can leads to a host of adverse health consequences, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegeneration, obesity, depression and early ageing (McEwen et al, 2004).
Academic Stress: Academic stress among students have long been researched on, and researchers have identified stressors as too many assignments, competitions with other students, failures and poor relationships with other students or lecturers (Fairbrother & Warn, 2003). Academic stressors include the student 's perception of the extensive knowledge base required and the perception of an inadequate time to develop it (Carveth et al, 1996). Students report experiencing academic stress at predictable times each semester with the greatest sources of academic stress resulting from taking and studying for exams, grade competition, and the large amount of content to master in a small amount of time (Abouserie, 1994). When stress is perceived negatively