Communication expertise is the capacity of an individual to express information plainly. It is a method of expressing your point of view in a proper way that others could comprehend totally. Excellent communication skill is essential in health and social care context to communicate effectively and to create a good relationship with the service users. Effective communication includes active listening and understanding. There are different theories of communication, it includes: Cognitive theory: theory has as objective the study of intelligent systems, including the functioning of the mind. Cognitivism focuses the attention on the analysis of cognitive processes and the study of the possible forms of representation of knowledge that the mind can operate. Physiology, psychology, linguistics, …show more content…
Humanistic theory: There are two different theories created by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. The Rogers’s theory of personality is based on the concept of organism, understood in its broadest meaning, that is, of psycho-physical totality. The organism cannot be divided into its smallest parts, as it cannot be traced back to the simple sum of the parts. Rogers considers the individual between mind and body. The central concept of this theory of personality is the Self. The focus is on the actualising tendency of the individual, that is, the self-realisation of one's self, which directs the personality towards differentiation, expansion, creativity, enrichment. Maslow's theory focuses his attention on the analysis of the motivations that push an individual to carry out a series of behaviours and on the characteristics that distinguish the healthy and self-realised personality; it is based on a hierarchy of needs, the so-called Maslow Pyramid (figure
Michael Stevens Mrs. Spritzer Honors English 12 (date of turn in) Love and Belonging in Frankenstein In 1943, Abraham Maslow revolutionized the behavioral sciences scene with his Hierarchy of Needs, a theory of human motivation. The theory comprises a five-tiered pyramid with physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging, esteem, and self-actualization from the bottom to the top. Maslow believed that to obtain self-actualization one must complete the stages in order, fully fulfilling one before moving to the next stage.
It is in these lonesome periods of life that one comes to realize what they truly desire, and it is after overcoming these periods that the path to self-actualization begins. Self-actualization, the realization of an individual’s meaning and potential, is the final stage of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. This hierarchy encompasses the basic needs of food and shelter, up to safety, love and belonging, self-esteem, and finally self-actualization. To reach self-actualization, the isolated individual has found others like them and has come to accept themselves, but they have not fully embraced their individuality. From their perspective, their goal was achieved; they were no longer isolated.
Sometimes this approach is called phenomenological because personality is studied from the point of view of the individual’s subjective experience. Abraham Maslow can be regarded as the father of humanistic psychology. In the 1960's, his ideas were considered as ridiculous whereas today they are highly regarded and considered important across so many different areas. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs presents the image of the individual having the ability to reach a level of self-actualization which is the highest form that an individual can achieve.
The humanistic perspective of personality was theorised by Abraham Maslow who created the Hierarchy of Needs to represent two areas of needs an individual must achieve in order to reach self-actualisation. The two groups are divided by their importance; first is our deficiency needs, separated into four lower levels which are physiological, safety and security, belonging and love, and our esteem needs. The growth needs can only be reached once we have achieved all of our deficiency needs and we have not reverted back a step in our search for self-actualisation. The growth needs Maslow stated are understanding, aesthetic, self-actualisation, transcendence. Carl Rogers, another psychological theorist, originally stated that achievement of self-actualisation
Communication is the process of transferring of information. Viswanathan (2010) says communication can take many forms of verbal and non-verbal methods which may include speaking, writing, gestures, expressions, listening and body language to name a few. All of these things should be taken into consideration to ensure an effective means of sending and receiving information. How and what information is sent may not be received in the same manner intended.
Two renowned Humanistic psychologists: Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
Communication is described as the interchange of information, thoughts, and feelings between individuals using dialog or other methods (Kourkouta, & Papathanasiou, 2014). Communication between patients, nurses, and other healthcare professionals can influence the patient outcome subsequently, understanding what establishes an effective communication will be beneficial for nurses and other healthcare professionals. Having the skills to articulate efficiently exists beyond having verbal skills. According to Wright (2012), to establish effective communication, a nurse should develop the use of nonverbal cues such as body language, demonstrating active listening skills to facilitate assurance that the interaction remains successful, and having
Over the years, many theories have been developed to study the human personality. Some of the notable theories are psychoanalytic theory, trait theory, humanistic theory and behavioural theory. In this assignment, we have chosen to compare and contrast the psychoanalytic and humanistic theories. Psychoanalytic Theory
Video Demonstration Critical Analysis It is important in professional and personal relationships to be able to communicate effectively, and this can mean a wide variety of things. Communication competence is the ability to achieve communication goals in a way that is enhancing the relationship (competence reading). Many skills and approaches can be used in conversation to show communication competence. Being flexible in communication is important, as there is no perfect way to communicate (class notes). A person who is flexible when communicating will be able to find the most effective way to communicate with each of the different people around them (competence reading).
Cognition is the study of the mind works. When we study cognitive development, we are acknowledging the fact that changes occur in how we think and learn as we grow. There is a very big difference in the way that children and adults think about and understand their environment. Jean Piaget (1896-1980), a biology student did extensive research work in the area of child development and is attributed with the development of the theory of cognitive development which has played a major role in this field (child development).
The first one is Maslow’s need theory which is a motivational theory that illustrates the five types of human being needs in hierarchical pyramid structure. The first type of Maslow’s hierarchy is psychological need such as air, food, shelter, water. The second type is safety needs such as security from outside threats and freedom from fear. The third type is belongings need such as friendship, trust and acceptance, receiving and giving affection and love. The forth type is esteem needs such as self-respect and to be respected from others.
Those who are missing this level could fall victim to several dangerous behaviors. Next, the fourth level focuses on esteem and having other people’s respect. Finally, the last level is self-actualization (Taormina & Gao 156). Self-actualization refers to fulfilling ones goals and improving oneself to reach a point of happiness (Textbook 44). Thus, the main ideas of Maslow’s theory are commonly placed into a pyramid to represent the reaching of each
This theory is proposed by Araham Harold Maslow by year 1954. There are 5 different needs in this theory which consists of: Physiological; Safety; Belongingness; Need for esteem and Self-actualization. Maslow believed that a man being motivated by the needs he wants to satisfy. So, the fundamental needs must be satisfy in order to begin motivating behavior (Adiele and Abraham, 2013). 1) Physiological Physiological needs is fundamental and most basic need for human survival.
Maslow proposed five-level classification of human needs as physiological, safety, love, esteem and self-actualisation. He suggested that physiological needs are the basic needs and these needs should be satisfied first and then subsequent needs emerge. Self-actualisation is the highest order of needs and to fulfill this need a person should be biologically efficient, usually in better health, both mentally and physically. The degree of satisfaction is resulted by fulfillment of these hierarchy of needs. However, these needs can vary individual to individual regarding their personal characteristics, pathology, and health care settings.
All human beings communicate either with intention or without intention every single day. According to Barth (2014), Palo Alto Team stated “ one cannot not communicate” in one of their axioms of communication. Communication can be defined as “a social process in which individuals employ symbols to establish and interpret meaning in their environment” (Went & Turner, 2014, p. 5). It can be divided into three models in order to enhance our understanding towards the function of communication, which are mainly linear model, interactional model and transcactional model (Wood, 2009). According to Went & Turner, 2014, there are also different traditions and contexts in communication where it helps us to break down difficulty when we attempt to understand communication theory and their process.