Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A Case Study
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder that can occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event such as a natural disaster, a serious accident, a terrorist act, war/combat, rape or other violent personal assault.
People with PTSD continue to have intense, disturbing thoughts and feelings related to their experience that last long after the traumatic event has ended. They may relive the event through flashbacks or nightmares; they may feel sadness, fear or anger; and they may feel detached or estranged from other people. People with PTSD may avoid situations or people that remind them of the traumatic event, and they may have strong negative reactions to something
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It should use precise measurement, with ratio scales being the most precise and include multiple indicators, should include pilot testing, replication, and produce effective correlations.
In the case of the PDS, "the present finding suggest that the PDS is a reliable and sound measure that is able to yield valid inferences regarding PTSD" (Åkerblom, Perrin, Rivano Fischer, & McCracken, 2017).
To analyze test-retest reliability, a subset of participants (n=53) was re administered the initial battery during the optional second part of the study completed by Blevins, Weathers, Davis, Witte, and Domino. The retest interval was approximately 1 week (M=6.14 days). This interval was selected because it was considered long enough to minimize carryover effects, but short enough so that reliability coefficients would not be affected by changes in respondents' true scores, as might occur in the natural course of PTSD or as a function of treatment.
At the item level, test-retest reliability for PCL-5 items ranged from .39 to .83 with a median of .68 indicating good consistency across test occasions (Blevins, Weathers, Davis, Witte, & Domino, 2015).
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N. (2008). Review of the posttraumatic stress diagnostic scale. Occupational Medicine, 58(5), 379.
Blevins, C. A., Weathers, F. W., Davis, M. T., Witte, T. K., & Domino, J. L. (2015). The posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5(PCL-5): development and initial psychometric evaluation. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 28(6), 489-498. doi:10.1002/jts.22059
Foa, E. B. (n.d.). Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale. Retrieved from http://www.clintools.com/victims/resources/assessment/ptsd/pds.html
Foa, E. B., Cashman, L., Jaycox, L., & Perry, K. (1997). The validation of a self-report measure of posttraumatic stress disorder: The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. Psychological Assessment, 9(4), 445-451. doi:10.1037//1040-3590.9.4.445
Statistic Solutions. (2017). Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS) - Statistics Solutions. Retrieved from http://www.statisticssolutions.com/posttraumatic-stress-diagnostic-scale-pds/
U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs. (2016). Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) - PTSD: National Center for PTSD. Retrieved from
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