Sodium Bicarbonate And Calorimetry Lab Report

Name: Ashrith Epuri
Lab Members: Ian, Averi, Serena
Percent Yield Lab
Objective: Determine the percent yield of NaCl in a chemical reaction.
Materials:
Evaporating dish
Watch glass
Digital balance
Sodium bicarbonate
Wire mesh
Scoopula
Plastic pipette
Hydrochloric acid
Hot plate
Crucible tongs
Methods:
First, the mass of the empty, clean, and dry evaporating dish and watch glass was recorded using the digital balance, while the hot plate was set to 450 degrees Fahrenheit. 1 gram of sodium bicarbonate was added into the evaporating dish and the mass was recorded again. A plastic pipette was used and filled with HCl, which was added to the sodium bicarbonate. The two reactants, NaHCO3 and HCl, were mixed together and the reaction was observed.

During the reaction, NaHCO3 and HCl fizzed and bubbled when reacting. Both reactants started to condense, and vapor and steam were present as the dish became foggy. Intense bubbling occurred and steam escaped from the evaporating dish. After heating, NaHCO3 and HCl started to solidify and dried

The addition of HCl to NaHCO3 causes a rapid release of CO2 gas and the reaction also produces NaCl, which remains dissolved in the aqueous solution. After the reaction in the lab was complete, the evaporating dish contained a mixture of NaCl and excess water. The water needed to be removed to isolate the NaCl product, which was done by heating the evaporating dish to evaporate the water, causing a lot of steam to form inside the evaporating dish.. Once the water was evaporated, only the solid NaCl product remained in the evaporating dish. The mass of the NaCl product is used to calculate the percent yield of the reaction, a measure of how efficient the reaction was in producing the desired product. This lab demonstrates the concept of limiting reactants because the amount of product that can be produced is limited by the amount of reactant that is present in the smallest amount. The reactant that is completely consumed is the limiting reactant, and the amount of product that can be produced is determined by the amount of limiting reactant present. In this reaction, HCl was added in excess and NaHCO3 was the limiting