Brian Ezenwugo
Political Science
Mr. Somma
December 1st, 2014
Letter From Birmingham Jail
The Letter from Birmingham Jail is a document written by Martin Luther King Jr. on April 16, 1963. This letter defended the approach of peaceful accommodations to racial discrimination, debating that citizens have a just responsibility to break biased laws. This letter stands alone as one of the most influential documents of the civil rights era.
Martin Luther King Jr.’s letter was intended to “My Dear Fellow Clergymen.” (King, 1) Dr. King explained that he read the recent statement published by clergymen in a Birmingham newspaper, and how they described Dr. King’s latest actions in the town as ill advised and inopportune. He initially accredited the criticism and claimed that he was just one of the huge amount of black southerners that may cause mayhem in the streets. He is the president of the SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference), centered in Atlanta, Georgia but managed through the South. He displays the magnitude of the group's expansive range, and then explains
…show more content…
Throughout the letter he doesn’t solely address the clergymen's distress such as King looking on as an outcast coming in, the disputes and marches being irresponsible and ill timed, but he expected a deeper form of interrogation. The clergymen had a sense of urgency for conferences and meetings, in place of direct action, but King needed to illustrate that direct action is essential to reach fair negotiating terms. Besides just constructing arguments for this point and being unprepared for rebuttal, he anticipated questions that they might ask. King concentrated on interests from the competition during his entire letter. By addressing these trepidations in an unbiased and reasonable manner, he showed the audience that he gave an abundant amount of thought to their opinion and took them
In the “Letter from Birmingham Jail” written by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was from a jail cell in Birmingham, Alabama when he was arrested. He was arguing his point that he was wrongfully arrested and describing bigger issues in Birmingham. Martin Luther King Jr. had been arrested while participating in a peaceful anti-segregation march on the grounds that he did not have the right or permission to do so. He claims in his letter that he was invited there to protest. He says “I am here in Birmingham because injustice is here”.
He is able to tell the reader that although his Southern Christian Leadership Conference is located in Atlanta, Georgia they are affiliated with organisation all across the South. King states, “I was invited here. I am here because I have organizational ties here”(King 2), meaning he is not limited to help out when it comes to the injustice taken place in
In Martin Luther King’s “Letter From Birmingham Jail”, King, responds to a complaint that he had received from his fellow Clergymen. The purpose of king’s writing is to clear up any confusion there was on King’s involvement, and how the situation was being handled. Dr. King explains through his writing that the city of Birmingham, Alabama has committed numerous unjust acts against the black community. King Also explains the reason for his involvement is simply because he was invited to help an affiliate of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, of witch King was president. King also makes it a point to clear up a few areas of confusion, one of which being how the Birmingham police handled the situation.
Ethos in Martin Luther King’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” In 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr. was jailed for parading without a permit while in Birmingham, Alabama speaking out on the Civil Rights movement. Eight white clergymen published a letter in the local newspaper criticizing King’s actions and discrediting him as an outsider.
In his open letter, “Letter from a Birmingham Jail,” written on April 16, 1963, by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. King wrote this letter after he was arrested for being part of a non-violent protest, which was against racial segregation. The letter is in response to a declaration made by eight Alabama clergymen, “A Call for Unity,” on 12 April, 1963. The declaration stated that the existence of social injustice and racial segregation should be fight in court and not in the streets. Dr. King answered that without strong direct action, like his own, real civil rights could never be truly achieved.
He then addresses the clergymen criticism that the SCLC’s actions are “untimely” and begins an extended claim that “privileged groups” will always oppose any threats. Dr. King insists that black people have waited long enough for justice. Dr. King then proceeds to describe different abuses his people have suffered in the past and in his present day. Amongst these abuses, he shares a personal one where he has to explain to his young daughter why she cannot go to the “public amusement park” because of the color of her skin. Dr. King then acknowledges that the clergymen show anxiety over the black man’s “willingness to break laws.”
Sitting in a jail cell in the city of Birmingham, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote an open letter to several clergymen in regards to their criticism of his and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)’s protests. Despite the fact that he never responded to any sort of criticism, he decided to respond as he felt angered by said criticism, but chose to convey it patiently and reasonably. Immediately in response to the comment that “outsiders are coming in,” Dr. King defends his right to be at that location as the SCLC was operated all throughout the South as well as the fact that they were invited by the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights to perform a “nonviolent direct-action program” if necessary. He felt that they came to battle “injustice”, judging the clergymen who failed to seek out the racism that have caused said “injustice.” Dr. King goes on to show that he completely understands the clergymen’s want of negotiation instead of protest, however he notes that this cannot happen due to the “crisis” and “tension” that occurs which leads to those unwilling to do so.
A Letter from Birmingham Jail Analysis Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was a civil rights activist that wrote an argumentative letter in response to an article written by the white moderate clergy of Birmingham Alabama. Dr. King’s letter was called “A letter from Birmingham Jail,” it was called this because he was in prison when he had wrote this. He was arrested for parading without a permit.
The purpose of “King’s Letter From a Birmingham Jail” was to say that nonviolent resistance should be used to face racism. He was criticized by white religious leaders and encouraged by blacks. King was inspired to write the letter because he was an advocate for racial equality and he felt the people writing the letter were not. He also mentioned moral responsibility to break unjust laws. Civil disobedience is the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest.
He states that he is the president of the Southern Christian Leadership conference and he was indeed invited to be there, and that he is there because injustice is there. He furthered his claim by specifying he was on call to engage in a nonviolent direct action program if deemed necessary. “I am here because I was invited here,”(1) declared King. King gives biblical allusions to Paul about how he left everything he had to preach the gospel of Jesus Christ. King says “Like Paul, I must carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own home town” (1).
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s Letter From Birmingham Jail Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.’s Letter From Birmingham Jail was his most infamous publication. Influenced by Thoreau and Gandhi for their similar ideas on peaceful protesting injustice in society, King created a group of nonviolent protesters across the south known as the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). King’s whole movement was based around being nonviolent, King saw this as a way to get his message across peacefully and while being taken seriously. This is known as civil disobedience.
King starts by giving respect to the men but also gives respect to himself and then explains to them what he thinks is right and wrong. Dr. King establishes himself to the eight clergymen in the beginning of the letter by saying “I have the honor of serving as president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, an organization operating in every Southern state with headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia” (King 863). He explains his title to them and then goes on to say “So I am here, along with several other members of my staff, because we were invited here. I am here because I have basic organizational ties here. Beyond this, I am in Birmingham because injustice is here” (King 863).
In Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Letter from Birmingham Jail” he is addressing the Clergymen, more specifically the white church and its leadership who criticized his efforts in the civil rights movement, by calling his demonstrations unwise and untimely. He is also simultaneously addressing the national audience as well in letting them know of the injustices of the time. It was 1963, and Martin Luther King Jr. wrote this letter from inside a jail cell. He had been arrested during an anti-segregation march for not having a valid parading permit in Birmingham, Alabama. In this letter he addresses the criticisms that were brought forth to him.
Summary/Assessment: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. is president of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), which is an organization operating in every Southern state with its headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. He came to Birmingham, Alabama because injustice lies there and helped protest about it in a nonviolent demonstration against racial discrimination. The eight clergymen of the South did not approve of these demonstrations happening which caused Dr. King to be confined in Birmingham Jail cell, writing a letter to them men explaining on why he was in Birmingham and what his reasons were for these protests. He begins to talk about and explain the four basic steps that needed to be followed for any nonviolent campaign. He also gives the audience a better understanding by giving a visual glimpse of what the black community had to endure.
A Letter From Birmingham Jail Martin Luther King Jr. is a name that will never be forgotten, and that will go down in the books for all of time. He was foremost a civil rights activist throughout the 1950s and 1960s. during his lifetime, which lasted from January of 1929 to April of 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. was an American Baptist minister and a social activist and was known for his non- violent protests. He believed that all people, no matter the color, have a moral responsibility to break unjust laws and to take a direct action rather than waiting forever for justice to come through and finally be resolved. In the Spring of 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. stated in a speech that Birmingham was among one of the most segregated cities in the world.