Phytochrome Essays

Wang et al performed SMFS on a shallow trefoil knot protein, bovine carbonic anhydrase B, and stretched it to a tightened knot.(110) A figure-eightknotted protein, phytochrome, was stretched by Bornschlogl et al using SMFS based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) as well as SMD simulations.(106) The unfolding force of phytochrome was determined to be ~ 70 pN, which is not as high as many mechanically stable proteins such as I27 domain of human titin (~200 pN). In addition, both their experimental