Advantages And Disadvantages Of Rnr Model

Offender rehabilitation has mainly revolved around the Risk-Needs-Responsivity (RNR) model which serves as a framework in guiding interventions towards offenders in the past. However, with the emergence of Good Lives Model (GLM) as an alternative model, competing views as to which works better start to arise. In order to discuss which model is better, there is first a need to compare between both approaches towards offender rehabilitation. The principles revolving around RNR model include the risk, needs and responsivity principles.

Some critics have issues with both models and how they are placed under undue stress upon themselves from variables outside the institution and institutional factors as well. Each model serves as the next step for offenders to be released from prison after showing signs of rehabilitation or good behavior. The advantages differ but overall the two models contribute to offering offenders a second chance at life, which can have an enormous impact on their lives. However, not all inmates deserve a second chance so parole boards have to be careful in theroally conducting evaluations on potential candidates who are eligible for parole to ensure that they have met all the proper

In the developing world, incarceration goes beyond the idea of applying a just punishment upon the offender for committing a criminal action or following a destructive behavior that disturb the public interest and the stability of the community. Incarceration also holds the responsibility to prepare the offender to integrate with the community after he goes out. This rehabilitation should be done on healthy bases that assure the mental health of the offender. With the increased rates of incarceration and long sentence in the US society, rehabilitation program comes as a need more than a right and moral thing to do.

Consequently there are only six juvenile prisons remaining for serious juvenile offenders, and there are currently 1,600 juveniles in state facilities in comparison to the federal facilities costing on an average of $250,000 per juvenile offender (Kelly, 2012). Therefore, In the effort to address as well as resolve the problems with both adult and juvenile prison overcrowding, bother programmers as well as researchers believed that correctional facilities obtained the abilities in identifying high risk offenders and allocating appropriate rehabilitative services in accordance to their criminal needs while assessing their potential for recidivism, at which point the Risk-need responsivity (RNR) model was implemented in 1990 as a means of identifying high risk offenders in need of rehabilitative

Introduction There are several different programs focused on offenders. These programs range from religious, educational, medical and job training related. The main goal in each program is to reduce the chances of them returning back to their old habit that originally placed them in jail or in other words reduce recidivism. Recidivism is a very important element in the criminal justice system, because reducing or increasing the number of re-offenses in the community could be beneficial or make the community flood with criminals and their behavior. Without a focus on recidivism, officers will be arresting the same offenders repeatedly and the individual will not be getting the help they need, which could be the difference of them being a productive member of society or not.

The crime control model emphasizes punishment as the remedy for misbehavior. This model is believed beneficial because offenders are taught not to commit further crimes. The balanced and restorative

Intensive treatment occupies 40% to 70% of the offender’s time and is 3 to 9 months in duration. Behavioral programs focus on changing the cognitions and values that maintain anti-social behavior, and they emphasize positive reinforcement rather than the threat of punishment to strengthen prosocial behavior.” (Pryzblyski 2008). As time locked up for inmates shows

The theory views the offender as either a patient or a victim or both. According to this theory a person who has committed an offense is not morally responsible for the offense he or she has committed because the offense might be the product of an illness in which treatment is required; this type of person is regarded as a patient. When the offense is the product of a dysfunctional social environment the person is regarded as the victim. The advantage of this approach is that it focuses on the offenders, instead of punishing the offenders this approach focuses on repairing and treating the dysfunctional areas that the offenders are experiencing by means of behavioral therapy and other therapeutic programmes.

Correctional programs are used to make this adjustment do that once a criminal is released back into society, they will not choose the same means to reduce the outside strain caused by certain factors outside their control. I would argue that restorative justice is a facet of rehabilitation. Restorative Justice focuses on alleviating the harm that crime caused to society, the criminal, and the victim. The analogy given in class to explain restorative justice was also recapped in the book. Imagine Lady Justice, scales tilted on one side.

The first theory I will be explaining is Rational Choice Theory. Cornish and Clarke argue that “offenders are rational people who seek to maximize their pleasure and minimize their pain.” (Cullen, 2015 pg. 438)

According to Andrews and Bonta , (2010) PIC-R can be summarized into 13 principles. First, is that all behaviors regardless of the behavior being criminal or non-criminal are under control before and after the deviant act (Andrews and Bonta , 2010). Secondly, PIC-R states that interrelated and intra-related variations of an individuals propensity to commit criminal or non criminal behavior are is due to variations in the individuals perceived cost vs. reward analysis of the specific behavior (Andrews and Bonta , 2010). Additionally, the third principle is that controlling variables interact with the individual through dealings if the individuals environment (Andrews and Bonta , 2010). Furthermore, actions and consequences have two types, additive which Andrews and Bonta , (2010) describe as events that introduce stimuli, or subtractive which are described as withdrawing stimuli.

Fielding et al. (2002) reported that the higher the client’s risk level (based on previous crimes), the more likely that he or she would recidivate, time to new arrest was shorter, and time to new drug arrest was shorter. Again, this study is limited in size and generalizability. Just as important, the authors found that it was cheaper for a client to go through the program than be incarcerated in prison or placed in residential treatment. This analysis is only valid when comparing the cost of incarcerating a client in prison and the costs for a client to participate in the program.

By giving the offender adequate guidance to ease the transition into society, but also giving them some independence and control over their own lives, COSA helps offenders reintegrate with significant success. The program also ensures that, throughout all of this, the community as a whole remains safe and secure. COSA, “has the dual role of providing [the offender] with support through the very hostile response from the community and monitoring [their] behavior to ensure that the community was kept safe” (Clarke et al, p. 3). By addressing the community’s needs as well as the offender’s, the program generates impressive results even when the community is initially reluctant to allow offender re-entry. COSA’s multidimensional process allows offenders to reintegrate into society safely and successfully, while also keeping the community safe.

Developmental theories look at how offenders start and end their criminal behaviors. All developmental theories, including the two focused on in this paper, pull from social, psychological, and biological factors to find answers. Both of these theories follow along a trajectory or pathway for offenders. Sampson and Laub’s age-graded theory has offenders following along two possible trajectories. They can either follow along the high risk trajectory or the low risk trajectory.

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