Dr. Leonard Hayflick During The 1946 Polio Epidemic
Dr. Leonard Hayflick lived in Philadelphia during the 1946 Polio epidemic. He was a teenage boy who would soon grow up loving microbiology and wanting to make a career out of it. He enrolled at Penn University, where he was taking classes like math, chemistry, and zoology. One course in particular that stood out to Dr. Hayflick was bacteriology. Bacteriology is now known as microbiology, the study of viruses, bacteria, and other microscopic organisms. Dr. Hayflick was fascinated one day in class when his technician walked in with several test tubes filled with agar. His technician used a fine needle with bacteria on it to streak the agar. After the bacteria was grown on the agar, the streaks were pink, purple, yellow, green, and white. After …show more content…
The lung tissue of the fetus was the only pre-organ used to create the WI-38 cell line because the tissue was able to divide and produce rapidly. This fetal tissue was able to produce cells that are almost genetically identical to one another, with no chance of having genetic mutations. Dr. Hayflick put the fetal lung tissue into isolation, so he could incubate it. Human fetal tissue was necessary for the WI-38 cell line to be developed because this type of cell is related to humans genetically. The WI-38 cell line is detrimental to the history of medicine because microbiologists can create a new cell line for …show more content…
The Rubella virus was infecting millions of people, especially pregnant women. When a pregnant woman is infected by Rubella, a miscarriage or a stillbirth will happen to the fetus. If the fetus makes it to birth, it will have extreme birth defects. Stanley Plotkin was a man who discovered a vaccination for the Rubella virus. He worked in the same biomedical research center as Dr. Hayflick, The Wistar Institute. The vaccine was produced by being grown in the WI-38 cell line. This vaccine is developed from the incubated virus that is purified and then weakened. This virus replicated itself quickly because the WI-38 cell line is a suitable environment for reproduction. The vaccination for Varicella and Measles was developed in the same way. The incubated virus is purified and then weakened, developing a vaccine for the disease. The vaccines are then injected into the body, where the immune system will see the virus and kill it. Since this virus was already in the body once, the antibodies will remember it and attack it, preventing you from getting sick. A lot of other well-known vaccinations were discussed in this book, however, not all of them came from the WI-38 cell line. Dr. Hayflick also discovered the MRC-5 cell line which was developed from fetal lung tissue. The vaccine for Hepatitis A was developed by the MRC-5 cell line where the incubated virus is purified and then weakened just like the WI-38 cell
Immortal Lives Of Henrietta Lacks By Rebecca Skloot
1341 Words | 6 PagesNot only did HeLa cells solve the problem of lacking cheap and fast-growing cells, but William Scherer, a researcher in NFIP, also found that HeLa cells were in actuality more susceptible to polio virus. Therefore, without HeLa cells, the vaccine for polio virus may not be discovered that soon. This application of HeLa cell in medical field accelerated the whole process of employing HeLa cells in studies concerning other viruses such as herpes and mumps. Additionally, the mass production of HeLa cells had set
Summary: The Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks
797 Words | 4 Pages”(Skloot 95) Soon after that discovery, the cells were tested on, and the development for the poliovirus vaccine began. Imagine if Henrietta’s doctor did ask for her consent, and she would have said no? What if she kept her cells? The removal of some of her cells from her body caused no harm to her.
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1071 Words | 5 PagesThey were used to test the first polio vaccine by Jonas Salk in the 1950s. Jonas observed that the HeLa cells were easily infected by poliomyelitis, which caused the infected cells to die. A very big volume of HeLa cells was needed for Jonas' polio vaccine testing. In 1953 spring, a culture factory was made at Tuskegee University to supply labs with HeLa cells. In 1953 HeLa cells were successfully cloned by Theodore Puck and Philip I Marcus at the University of Colorado, Denver.
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215 Words | 1 PagesDuring the twentieth century, the word had known many unprecedented inventions and discoveries that had radically shaped our way of life. The field of discovery that touched human’s life the most, was the medical field. One of the most important achievements in science that opened the doors to many other scientific discoveries was the seccefull culture of the first human cells in laboratory. Those cells were named HeLa. HeLa cells were taken from the cervical of a black woman in Charles Hopkins hospital in Baltimore, where she went to trait cancer.
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1500 Words | 6 PagesHer cells were essential to the polio vaccine and are also responsible for creating a whole new branch in the medical industry and has also proven to be an essential part of medical research such as Aids. They are also the first human biological materials bought and sold, which helped launch a multi billion dollar industry. This is the main reason all of this occurred in the first place and why perhaps the doctors and scientists did not think it was necessary to mention where it came from as long as it was for the “greater good”. Moreover, during that time the doctors and scientists thought what they were doing was normal as nothing had been set in stone about medical practices as well as
Why Is Henrietta Lacks Important
1033 Words | 5 PagesHenrietta Lacks Honor Essay “The reason Henrietta's cells were so precious was because they allowed scientists to perform experiments that would have been impossible with a living human. They cut HeLa cells apart and exposed them to endless toxins, radiation, and infection. They bombarded them with drugs, hoping to find one that would kill malignant cells without destroying normal ones.” (58)”Throughout the book “The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks” there are many examples of how the HeLa cell of Henrietta Lacks provided cellular information and examples that helped mold many cellular discoveries and experiments.
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704 Words | 3 PagesThis allowed for more experiments to be done which lead to the development of the polio vaccine. As stated by Neil Bhavsar, “the vaccine developed… was only possible because HeLa cells were able to survive in Vitro. The HeLa cells were easy to infect and study, and therefore provided the perfect subject” (Bhavsar). The vaccine itself was developed by a scientists of the name of Jonas Salk. The ability for the cells to be easily infected allowed for the continued development of the polio vaccine.
The Immortal Life Of Henrietta Lacks By Rebecca Skloot
419 Words | 2 PagesThis allowed the vaccine to be cheap to research and have a low cost. Since it was cheap to research Albert Sabin was able to create an oral polio vaccine. The oral vaccine is now used to vaccinate people in developing countries. Around the 1950s there was a polio epidemic and the cheap cost made it available to everyone, and since 1979 there have been no reported cases of polio in the United States. It should be disclosed that at the time patenting a biological agent was unheard
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1248 Words | 5 PagesThroughout the 19th and 20th century, there have been medical inventions and discoveries that have prevented countless medical conditions and diseases, resulting in healthier lives for American citizens. Although there were many inventions and discoveries made throughout this period, the 1950s had the largest impact on the lives of American citizens. Throughout the decade, many impactful discoveries were made that have both saved and drastically lengthened the lives of many people. Because of this, the 1950s were one of the most important decades for the discovery of medical diseases and conditions. The key medical advancements made during the 1950s include the creation of the polio vaccine that has saved countless lives since its creation,
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537 Words | 3 PagesVaccinations are a liquid suspension of weakened or killed microorganisms, generally bacteria or viruses that are given to your cat to prevent or reduce the risk of infectious disease. Weakened (attenuation) is a process that decreases the virulence of organisms, meaning it reduces the ability of the organism to multiply and cause illness. Inactivated (killed) vaccines are made from infectious microorganisms that are dead. Vaccines that are live generally cause a quicker, more effective and longer-lasting immunity than inactivated vaccines.
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1140 Words | 5 PagesHe was born in New York City in 1914 and studied medicine at New York University before becoming a researcher at the University of Pittsburgh. In 1952, Salk and his team created a vaccine that was effective in preventing polio, a highly contagious and sometimes deadly disease that had caused epidemics in the United States for decades. The vaccine was widely distributed and led to a significant decrease in the number of polio cases in the US and around the world. During the Cold War, Jonas Salk was involved in several efforts to promote international cooperation and reduce tensions between the United States and the Soviet Union. In 1958, he helped organize a conference in Geneva, Switzerland, that brought together scientists from around the world to discuss the potential benefits of using scientific research to promote peace.
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400 Words | 2 PagesThey wanted her cells to conduct more research because it has the ability to grow up very quickly. Henrietta’s cells witch they call it HeLa cells have benefited the humankind. One example, by using her cells, the scientists could get rid of the Polio Virus, and they developed Polio’s vaccine. After 24 years, the Henrietta’s
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1403 Words | 6 PagesFollowing the introduction of these events, researchers around the world could work with the same cells, grown in the same media, using the same equipment. This eventually led the researchers to use the first-ever human cell clones. HeLa cells were also used by researchers to develop freezing techniques. This allowed for the cells to be safely stored and shipped to different laboratories around the world. Freezing also allowed the researchers to “pause” cells at various stages during an experiment and analyze them.
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