Letter to Birmingham Rhetorical Analysis A young, timid girl named Ruby Bridges looks determinedly at the school that would change her life. Her eyes scan the school yard as the ferocious monsters begin to swarm her entrance towards equality, and their eyes fill with anger and disgust as they take in her appearance. She takes a shaky breath as she walks calmly past the monsters who yell names and throw food to deter her from her mission. However, she ignores their insults and continues her walk towards freedom. Similarly, Martin Luther King Jr. wrote “Letter from Birmingham Jail” to communicate the unfair treatment being directed at African Americans. This letter was written because of his arrest for breaking the Alabama injunction against …show more content…
Throughout King’s letter, he incorporated different rhetorical appeals, such as pathos, to make the audience understand the harsh treatment African Americans were subjected to each day. In his letter King emphasized, “But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim; when you have seen hate filled policemen curse, kick, and even kill your black brothers and sisters; when see the vast majority of your twenty million Negro brothers smothering in an airtight cage of poverty in the midst of an affluent society... (King 3).” This piece of evidence describes the brutality that was …show more content…
One way that he conveyed this idea was by using personification. In his letter King wrote, “As in so many past experiences, our hopes had been blasted, and the shadow of deep disappointment settled upon us (King 2).” King used personification to exemplify their struggles and disappointment that appeared regularly while fighting for equality. This use of figurative language exposes the audience to their struggle for freedom. Although “a shadow of deep disappointment” doesn’t directly fall upon the Black community, it let the clergymen know that their neglect towards fulfilling their promise of removing humiliating sins had deeply crushed the Black community. It can also illustrate the rhetorical appeal pathos because it brings a somber mood onto the audience. It provided them with a sense of guilt and shame for their inability to speak up for equality. This paragraph describes how personification helps to portray King’s theme of equality and equal
Segregationist, Martin Luther King, Jr., in his letter “Letter from Birmingham Jail” emphasizes the need for integration and racial equality. After reading text written by clergymen, King felt the responsibility to explain his cause. He adapts a diplomatic tone in order to convince society to integrate and end racial injustice. King begins his letter by introducing the reason for being in Birmingham.
Injustices in Birmingham While sitting in the Birmingham jail in 1963, Martin Luther King Jr., writes a powerful and emotional letter to the clergymen of Birmingham. In his letter, he responds to the harsh criticism and injustices he received for simply protesting peacefully without a permit. King states in his letter, “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.
Martin Luther King was a phenomenal speaker and a strong figure throughout the Civil Rights Movement. In “Letter from Birmingham Jail” he captured his audience and stated his thoughts very clearly. This particular letter started due to the non-violent protest in Birmingham that lead to the arrest of many innocent African Americans. Although this was not a spoken letter from Martin Luther King it did target several individuals such as, the clergymen who wrote “A Call for Unity”, also targeted the average white American who was not on either side but chose to keep quit and keep things the way they were. Finally Martin Luther King targeted black men and women across the nation to stand up for their rights that they deserved.
In Martin Luther King Junior’s “Letter From Birmingham Jail”, King effectively uses pathos and logos to justify his nonviolent action displayed while protesting for equal rights for black Americans. In his letter, King recounts multiple examples of the tragic treatment of black Americans by policemen and white neighbors to spark empathy through pathos to illustrate a reason for King’s nonviolent action. Throughout his letter, King attempts to put the reader in his perspective by illustrating heart-breaking experiences of injustice suffered by black Americans. For example, King explains that black Americans can’t ignore inequality “when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers… when you have seen hate-filled policemen curse,
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote his ‘Letter from a Birmingham Jail” on April 16th, 1963 after King had been arrested for leading a peaceful and nonviolent demonstration that was held in order to bring attention to the cruel racist treatment of blacks Americans. Despite being written in a jail cell, the beautifully crafted letter effectively used ethos, pathos, and logos; three powerful rhetorical devices that work to clearly convey his message to the target audience. His viewpoint was that of a frustrated African American man who had seen various forms of racial discrimination and segregation throughout the course of his lifetime. Nevertheless, he was also a devout follower of Christ who had a great deal of patience and was knowledgeable about the principles and practices of civil disobedience.
King uses an appeal to logic brilliantly when he talks about the “negro” community of Birmingham saying, “I began thinking about the fact that I stand in the middle of two opposing forces,” (). This shows the clergymen that there are two sides to the community, one being, “a force of complacency… so drained of self-respect and a sense of ‘somebodiness’ that they have adjusted to segregation,” and the other, “is one of bitterness and hatred, and it comes perilously close to advocating violence,” (). By doing this, King does not justify his intentions, but rather gives the audience facts so that they can comprehend that his response was, in fact, the most
King describes the severity of the brutality African Americans face to expose the clergymen to the harsh reality. He wants the clergymen to understand the depth of the hatred the community faces regularly. “But when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim; when you have seen hate-filled policemen curse, kick, brutalize, and even kill your black brothers and sisters with impunity;…” King draws a parallel between “mothers and fathers” and “sisters and brothers” to bring out the physical relations one has in order to show that the violence is so close to home for each African American. King mentions the “vicious mobs” lynching people at will to portray how disgusting it is that such gruesome acts have become normalized. He also employs repetition of inhumane treatment African Americans receive, stating policemen “curse, kick, brutalize, and even kill” to show that cruelty against black Americans is so common, even police can be found doing such vulgar acts.
Equally important, King brings upon feelings of sympathy and compassion to convince the clergymen what they're going through is what no one should ever have to go through. To be specific, King states “when you have seen vicious mobs lynch your mothers and fathers at will and drown your sisters and brothers at whim” and “when you … explain to your six-year-old daughter why she can't go to the public amusement park that has just been advertised… and see tears welling up in her eyes when she is told that Funtown is closed to colored children”. These examples make the clergymen imagine the struggles and pain they are put through just because they don't have the same color of skin as others. His goal
Martin Luther King makes a powerful statement in Birmingham jail after being imprisoned for peacefully protesting. His authoritative letter addresses the issue of racial injustice towards African American people. His goal was to act in a nonviolent way so that the poor treatment towards the black community was changed. He was fighting strictly to end discrimination. King makes radical points in his letter to his fellow clergymen about the treatment that colored people in the south were receiving.
Yet, King does not display any hatred. His overall tone is passionate, assertive, and respectful. King has so much love for the people willing to support his cause, and the agony that they suffer will not go unnoticed. “I don't believe you would have so warmly commended the police force if you had seen its angry violent dogs literally biting six unarmed, nonviolent Negroes. I don't believe you would so quickly commend the policemen if you would observe their ugly and inhuman treatment of Negroes here in the city jail; if you would watch them push and curse old Negro women and young Negro girls; if you would see them slap and kick old Negro men and young boys, if you would observe them, as they did on two occasions, refusing to give us food because we wanted to sing our grace together.”
“...when you are harried by day and haunted by night by the fact that you are Negro, living constantly at tiptoe stance, never quite knowing what to expect next, and are plagued with inner fears and outer resentments; when you are forever fighting a degenerating sense of “nobodiness”- then you will understand why we find it difficult to wait. There comes a time when the cup of endurance runs over, and men are no longer willing to be plunged into the abyss of despair. I hope, sirs, you can understand our legitimate and unavoidable impatience.” (MLK, 276). King uses this strong sense of appeal to emotion to engross his readers and let them know how hard it is for them.
King uses pathos to tap into his audience’s mind to think about the importance of promoting action now rather than waiting for others to promote it first. He ends his letter by stating that he “hope that the dark clouds of racial prejudice will soon pass away and the radiant stars of love and brotherhood will shine over our great nation”. (King Jr., p. 658) Dr. King is a man of great integrity and love. He wanted to bring his fellow brother and sister together as a nation strong and not divided.
This reference in particular evokes the strongest emotional response from black people because many African Americans revered Lincoln for his decision to sign the revolutionary Emancipation Proclamation, and how the document symbolized a free future for slaves--the ancestors of the blacks in the crowd. But the next few lines following this allusion also persuades those ignorant of how little things have changed by highlighting the “manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination” that blacks still suffer from despite the hundred year gap. Here, he uses the connotations of “manacles” and “chains” to evoke a negative emotional response from the audience, especially from those unaware of the need to change, causing their opinion to match the speaker’s: against segregation. Additionally, King weaves biblical allusions into his speech to appeal to the Christians within the crowd. He uses the “dark and desolate valley of segregation” to illustrate the injustice African Americans have endured for centuries and juxtapositions it with the “sunlit path of racial justice” to exemplify a future where true freedom exists for
He places the strong authority of the declaration on his side to show how the American people are in contradiction to their own “sacred obligation” and the Negros have gotten a “bad check.” A metaphor representing the unfulfilled promise of human rights for the African Americans. King skillfully evokes an emotional response from all races with the use of religion: “Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God’s children.” By doing this he finds a common ground that brings black and whites closer with a common belief in God they share, as well as the mention of
Throughout his speech he implies a lot of metaphors to make his speech effective and influencing. For example, King constantly describes the Negroes as being “crippled” by the “manacles of segregation”, “Storms of Persecution,” and “chains of discrimination.” Through these metaphors King indicates the crises the Negroes face. A few of King’s strongest metaphors are his references to prejudice: “the quick sands of racial injustice”, the “heat of oppression”, “the dark and desolate valleys of segregation”, and the “chains of discrimination.” King also indicates the unbearable inequality by creating an image: “the sweltering summer of the negro’s discontent.”