Fulcher of Chartres Essays

History tells us that Dr. Jose Rizal became the Philippine national hero as he fought for freedom using a pen as a sword. Rizal is well-known for his two novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo. Unlike other national heroes who fought aggressively and through violent means, Rizal believed that independence could be achieved peacefully. All Filipinos and even non-Filipinos who study the history of the Philippines know Rizal’s heroism primarily because of his martyrdom. Through many years and

Located in Chartres, France, Chartres Cathedral (c. 1145-1155) was the heart of the town in the 12th and 13th centuries and still has a major impact on the city today. During the 12th and 13th centuries, however, the cathedral was a major factor in the town’s economy and served as a center for many activities, including trade. Each of the different portals served as a trade center for various sellers and products. Although the actual town was under separate government control, the region immediately

La Cathedrale Notre Dame is a church in Paris built during the Gothic period. It was completed in 1335 AD to replace a sixth century basilica. The cathedral spans 427 feet by 157 feet. Notre-Dame Cathedral follows a symmetrical floor plan, with the apse, choir and nave aligned on the line of symmetry. A double ambulatory surrounds the apse and the nave is flanked by double aisles and square chapels. The central spire was added by Violet le Duc during restoration in the 19th century. The cathedral

Art nouveau was a trending art style that for some, was a way of life. The decorative art style was most popular from 1890-1910. Rene Lalique, a male French designer had a big impact on the era due to the popularity of his glass art, perfume bottles and jewellery, the essay will outline this in each section of his work. To start the essay, Art Nouveau will be discussed followed by explaining Rene Lalique and his background whilst discussing in depth his work and the repercussions of it on the era

Fulcher of Chartres was a loyal subject of Baldwin I and a priest who was an eyewitness of the First Crusade. He saw the crusade as a holy war aimed at liberating the Holy Land from Muslim rule and spreading Christianity. He thought the crusaders were fighting for a good cause and that their acts were approved by God. Fulcher talked heavily about the crusaders' military campaigns and wars, and his account represents a firm Christian viewpoint. Solomon Bar Simson, on the other hand, was a Jewish

B. Primary Source Documents Source 1: “The Siege of Jerusalem: Christian and Muslim Perspectives” 1. Fulcher of Chartres described the First Crusade as violent, messy, and merciless since there was blood everywhere and no one was spared. He uses adjectives like vigorously, uproar, and assailing to describe the advancing Christians. Fulcher says the Christians behaved ruthless because there was about ten thousand people beheaded and the blood of the dead would have reached your feet. 2. Ibn al-Athir

For example, Fulcher of Chartres states, that Jerusalem was once a place that had a lot of worship to his religion. Now that things are changing in his home city, the meaning of his birth place and religious background has no meaning and is scarcely talked about. To give illustration, according to Fulcher he believes that Jerusalem should not be as gruesome as it with the wars of the Crusades. Fulcher himself wrote,“We have already forgotten the places of

Anatolia, the place that ignited the speech given by the Pope was part of the Byzantine Greek Empire and became a center for Christianity as well as a guardian of Greek and Roman culture. It was a trading route to pass through the region, but as the Empire declined the Turks conquered the peninsula in the battle of Manzikert where the Byzantines were defeated by the Seljuk Turks, which established themselves over large areas of Anatolia taking Constantinople as their capital. The Turkish language

This showed the Roman people that Augustus was not about to enter them into a war for his own personal gains. It also allowed him to be seen as a peacemaker instead of a warmonger and that was vitally important to the Romans since they had suffered through civil war for the last seventy years. The people would remember Augustus as a man who protected their interests and looked out for them instead of just using them as fodder to attain more glory. This was precisely what Augustus wanted because the

lack of peace. He saw the many fights, people stealing, people being unjustly kept, and the many evils of the world. The crusades were to capture Jerusalem, to have Christian territories, resolve fighting, and gain territory and political. Fulcher of Chartres was an eyewitness to all of this. Pope Urban II would go on to say that he wants the vile race to disappear from everywhere and for the Lord to protect

Although Pope Urban II’s sermon was split into many accounts, they all share similar literary qualities. Accounts of the Pope’s speech include exaggerations of non-Christian brutality, allusions to holy figures, and paradoxical language to justify the call to crusade. Many of the recounts of Pope Urban II’s speech include language that demonizes non-Christians by exaggerating the behaviors of some of the opposing non-Christians. For example, Robert the Monk’s account describes Persians to, “circumcise

unknown crusader who went with the Normans Bohemond and Tancred; the narratives of Raymond of Aguilers, who went with Bishop Adhemar of Le Puy and Raymond of Toulouse; the Alexiad, by Anna Comnena, girl of Alexius, the Byzantine Emperor; and Fulcher of Chartres, who went with Stephen of Blois and afterward Baldwin of Boulogne on the First Crusades. (Reilly, p.

With the goal of reconquering the Holy Lands of the Middle East, many Western Europeans supported a series of military conquests called the Crusades. As seen in the documents the religious figures who supported the Crusades had an idealized vision of the unification and religious zeal the Crusades would bring to the Christian faith, but for many of the actual crusaders, the cause of the crusades was a hope for economic gain through pillage. Although one of the original causes of the Crusades, according

The Crusades were said to be a religious motivation directed against all religions that did not follow the church. The goals were to reclaim Jerusalem, as well as several other Holy sites for their own. While also stopping the expansion of the Muslim religion. As well as expanding their influence across Europe. The Crusades were not only religiously motivated but rather emerged from economic desire, political advancement, and cultural influences which reshaped Europe completely. Access to trade routes

In Urban’s Call to the Crusades according to Fulchers Chartres Pope Urban II is seen saying dying for the holy war will absolve all sins “All who die by the way, whether by land or by sea, or in battle against the pagans, shall have immediate remission of sins. This I grant them through the power of God

The crusades were Christian military that fought against the Middle East with the idea to recover the Holy lands. The power of the church was at its height and the leaders of the church were ready to spread the Christian religion to other nations, such as Jerusalem. The Christians forced their way into the Near East to capture Jerusalem, Syria, Iraq and Palestine. These crusaders were excited to spread their language of theology; the greatest miracle since the Resurrection; for another a new way

Why did Pope Urban II call the First Crusade in 1095 When Alexius I appealed for aid in the Council of Piacenza in March 1095, it wasn’t surprising that the First Crusade occurred only a few months afterwards, as it was considered by historians “premediate” and resulted from the long-existing opposition to many factors. Building up towards 1095, Christendom was perceived to be threatened both externally by heretical military expansions and internally by the destructive knightly class and the concern

1a) In a speech given in Western Europe in 1095 CE, Pope Urban II (r.1088 – 1099) called for all Christians regardless of social status to rise up and reclaim Jerusalem; arguing that “Christian blood … and Christian flesh, akin to the flesh of Christ”, meaning Christians living in the Byzantine empire and the east in general, were living under brutal conditions and facing oppression under the rule of Muslims and it was the job of other fellow believers of Christ to go and liberate them. I think that

At the beginning of the eleventh century, western Europe was deeply divided and rife with conflict and war between states. However, despite the animosity that existed between many of them, they were all connected by their Christian faith and obedience to the papal state. When Pope Urban II declared the First Crusade in 1095, it served as a rallying point for knights and lay people alike to prove their faith and fight for a common cause. There are few other instances of such religious fervor, devotion

Why did the Second and Third Crusades fail to replicate the resounding success of the First Crusade? For Latin Christians at the time, the answer was obvious: Christian immorality had led God to stop favoring them in battle against the infidels. Upon hearing of the dismal failure of the Second Crusade, one anonymous individual in Würzburg wrote, “God allowed the Western Roman Church, on account of its sins, to be cast down.” Bernard of Clairvaux, the preacher most directly linked to the messaging