Disadvantages Of Share Repurchases

Corporations have three methods available for raising new capital in the free enterprise system. retained earnings- putting money from the company’s profits back into the business after taxes and dividends, if any, have been paid borrowing- taking out loans or issuing bonds which are sold to investors equity financing- issuing new shares of stocks Although we frequently hear the words “stocks and bonds” use together, these two types of securities differ significantly. A person who buys a bond essentially is lending money to the issuer of a bond (usually a company or a branch of government). The issuer of a bond promises to repay the amount of a loan at a specific time (called the date of the bond’s maturity). Between the time the loan is made and the date of maturity, the issuer also promises to pay the bondholder a specified amount of interest at specified

Def of IPO : Initial public offering is the process by which a private company can go public by sale of its stocks to general public. It could be a new, young company or an old company which decides to be listed on an exchange and hence goes public. Companies can raise equity capital with the help of an IPO by issuing new shares to the public or the existing shareholders can sell their shares to the public without raising any fresh capital. Def of Public Placement : A public placement is where a security offered to the whole market rather than to selected investors. It is usually listed on a stock exchange in relatively small denominations.

Higher the ROA, more money the company is earning on its assets. A low ROA shows inefficient use of company’s assets. Return on Equity shows how much profit the company is generating with the money invested by common shareholders. ROE is expressed in percentage. A high ROE is preferred for a high dividend to the hareholder.

The preference dividend should be paid before ordinary dividend if distributable profits are available, the preference share capital will be repaid before ordinary share capital at the time of liquidation of the company. Normally the preference shareholders will not have the voting rights. 2. Retained Earnings “The percentage of net earnings not paid out as dividends for shareholders, but retained by the company to be reinvested in its core business activity, or to pay debt. It is recorded under shareholders' equity on the balance sheet”.

This forces the acquirer company to raise its bid in order to stay competitive with the target’s offer and also increase the use of leverage in the target’s capital structure, which can make the target less attractive takeover candidate. d) Leverage Capitalization As part of this strategy, the target assumes a large amount of debt that is used to finance share repurchases. Like the share repurchases, the effect here is to create a significant change in the capital structure that makes the target less attractive while delivering value to the shareholders. e) Crown Jewel Defense After a hostile takeover, the target may decide to sell a subsidiary or major asset to a neutral third party. If the hostile acquirer view this asset as a essential to the deal, then it may decide to give up the takeover attempt.

Hill Country practices the conservative capital structure, which has excessive liquidity and lower interest rates that will bring negative impacts on the company’s financial performance measures. So, it is a good opportunity for Hill Country to implement a more aggressive capital structure. For example, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of this company can increase the leverage ratio by either increase the debt or reduce the equity or both. At first, debt financing usually used when a firm raises money for capital expenditures by issuing debt instruments to individual or institutional investors. In return for lending the money, the firm need to pay the principal plus interest payment at some agreed time in the future.

On the other hand, hostile acquisitions don’t have the same agreement from the target company, and the acquiring company will have to purchase a hefty amount of stakes of the target company in order to have a majority stake. Acquisition defenses are the acts of a firm acquiring other firms as a defense against market downturns or possible turnovers.

A bargain purchase is recognized as a gain as of the acquisition date. Goodwill Often a purchaser will pay more to acquire a subsidiary than the fair value of the net assets acquired. The market value of the acquired is often more than the value of its net assets. Also, an acquirer may see future cost savings by combining the companies, so it’s willing to pay extra. This difference between the purchase price paid to acquire a subsidiary, and the fair value of the net assets acquired is called purchased goodwill, or just ‘goodwill’.

Value investing is a fundamental analysis approach formulated by Graham and Dodd (1934) that focuses on companies whose share prices do not reflect their intrinsic worth. A value investor buys a stock if its price is low relative to some fundamental benchmarks such as earnings, cash, dividends, or book value (Bartov and Kim, 2004), and expects that the market will properly recognize the company’s value and adjust the stock price accordingly. Typically, value stocks have attributes such as low ratios of price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-cash flow (P/C), high book-to-market equity (B/M) or high dividend yields (Lakonishok et al., 1994; Fama and French, 1998). Growth investing, on the other hand, focuses on companies that feature signs of above-average

This is known as “arms-length” trading , because it is the product of genuine negotiation in a market. This arm’s length price is usually considered to be acceptable for tax purposes. But when two related companies trade with each other, they may wish to artificially distort the price at which the trade is recorded, to minimise the overall tax bill. This might, for example, help it record as much of its profit as possible in a tax haven with low or zero taxes. Tax law starts from the assumption that the application of the arm’s length standard will reduce the interference of tax effects with bona fide business decisions taken by the corporate management.