Next major factor that should consider in reforestation area is a layout of tree planting. For new forest area, the mix species within forested area and its distribution will be determined. According Williams (2003) there are three alternatives for establishments of the tree, either planted in groups, in lines or in an intimate mixture. For in group planting, the system in a mixed planting tree group which varies from 20 to 60 of each species will grow at the same rate, guarantee the survival of all the species and resulting in a forest area that has all species (Williams, 2003). Therefore, this is a healthy and simple technique which can maximise the long-term value of the forest. Second tree planting layout technique is in lines, this choice …show more content…
Tree spacing
Tree spacing is also a crucial method or factor for replanting of a forest tree. According William (2003) tree spacing can differ according to the types of species being planted and the type of forest desired and will affect future management practice. Regular spacing is much easier to manage, especially when the trees are small as it is easier to find when it is in rows.
2.4 Silviculture practises in nature forest regeneration Maintenance of tree before and after planting crucial for ensuring better growth, development and quality of new trees. Therefore, silviculture system is broadly applied in a reforested area to control the establishment, growth, composition, and quality of forest vegetation and create natural regeneration of forest. According FAO (1998) silviculture is a set of techniques that can be applied to help achieve specific forest management objectives. However, Medves (2009) mentioned that a silviculture system is practised that help to ensure maximum productivity, value and support forest
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Trees are grown in combination of agricultural and forestry technologies to produce more assorted, productive, profitable, healthy, and sustainable land-use systems which well known as agroforestry. The specific objectives of silviculture in Agroforestry are to improve the productivity of forest lands, shorten the time frame to harvest and increase the value of the fibre growth (Medves, 2009). However, according Medves (2009) common objective of silviculture is to protect resource by making the forest more flexible to climate change, insect infestations and also to help minimize the impacts of natural
The grandiose proportion of the power lines to the houses at the bottom work to helps to connect the two pieces, both of which are completely different in the their composition, into one solidified painting. Without the implied line from the houses to the sky that the power lines create, the top and bottom halves of the painting do not seem to coincide with each other, but could rather stand alone as two separate paintings; one painting done in a naturalist form, and the other in a much more abstract
Poetically speaking, the layout of a monument aesthetically
This helped to layer the two designs and prevent them from conflicting with each other by making the map appear as if it was slightly
Under the assessment and evaluation of current environment situation, the federal government have developed the Pan-Canadian Framework on Clean Growth and Climate Change and other collective actions to address climate change. Under the federal consideration of climate change, there exists four pillars including pricing carbon pollution, taking action in each sector of the economy, adapting to climate change and supporting clean technologies, innovation and job creation. As carbon pollution is the majority factor influencing climate in earth, much attention has been put on this area. In order to control the carbon pollution to climate, government will collaborate with the territories and indigenous people to assess the practice of carbon
Michael Boydstun ENVS 101-1998 Environmental Impact of deforestation In the Pacific Northwest The first people to explore the wilderness in what is now Oregon and Washington documented beautiful forests of mesmerizingly large trees as far as the eye can see. The explorer’s initial reports brought in people who came to make a profit off the forest and the vast amounts of lumber it could provide. Lumber mills were built before the area was even added to the union. The environmental footprint started out small, but the lack of regulation, lack of enforcement of the existing regulations, and an increase in technology quickly created a large environmental battle over the whole region.
According to the report from PNAS, about 58 million big trees are under threat of dying (Woollaston). Some homeowners cultivate
The Kennesaw State Arboretum is spilt from an upslope and a downslope which was examined to seeing the difference in age and size of the hardwood and pine trees. The variation of age and size can be due to changes in the progressive changes in the tree species over time. This was tested by measuring pine and hardwood trees in 2 different areas of the forest, upslope and downslope, collecting tree data with at least 25cm circumference and 10 ft. tall in 5 different plots of 100 m2. The data describes the hypothesis that if the upslope and downslope parts of the forest differ in age, then the size of the eldest hardwood trees of the upslope and downslope will differ. If the upslope and downslope parts of the forest are different ages, then the forest will differ in proportion of mature hardwood relative to pine.
Forest protection is a whole new branch related and linked with conservation, protection involves protecting the areas in which wildlife move to. Protection of all life where its marine or not. As well as protection of the parks and sites along with plants in order to reach their maximum growth. Since approximately 94 percent of forests is public property forest management teams have to keep a closer look on what’s happening to the
The first redwood conservation group to drive the movement was the Sempervirens Club in 1900, which fought to preserve redwood predominantly in San Jose and the rest of Southern California. Later, in 1918, the Save-the-Redwoods League was established and took charge of the redwood conservation movement in Northern California. From the very beginning, however, various women’s clubs and organizations both helped the Sempervirens Club and Save-the-Redwoods League as well as campaigned actively for the tree’s preservation. Both in San Jose and Humboldt County of Northern California, women were key in the success of the movement. Thanks to the various redwood conservation groups and their interactions with women’s conservation clubs and groups,
With this specific planning of their city, it was easier for people to live their lives. The Indus Valley is built on this type of system, showed they were more sophisticated than other civilizations.
Kofi Annan, once the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations, stated, “If globalization is to succeed, it must succeed for poor and rich alike. It must deliver rights no less than riches. It must provide social justice and equity no less than economic prosperity and enhanced communication” (Kofi Annan). Persistently, the world is reminded of the advantages of globalization and how history could have been shaped without its existence. In spite of the declarations that defend the international movement enhancing the ideology of an interconnected planet, the downsides of globalization cannot be ignored.
It would therefore be more realistic to encourage all parties involved in the process of deforestation to manage the resources of the forest in a sustainable way. This means that the usage of the methods of clear-cutting and burning would have to be eliminated if the forest ecosystem is to be able to remain intact. If certain trees need to be cut down, however, then theses should be replaced by enough young trees which can fill the same role to an equal extent as the ones which are cut down. Here it’s important to acknowledge that it’s impossible to eliminate deforestation completely since the growing population puts a high demand for more land which is used for agricultural purposes. Therefore the solution must include keeping a balance between deforestation and efforts of reforestation, sustainable management of forests and respecting the integrity of protected
The rapid destruction of woodlands or removal of trees from forests is known as deforestation. Every year, vast areas of forests are cleared to make way for agriculture and development. Tropical rainforests play important ecological roles: 1. Rainforests are the oldest ecosystems on Earth and house almost half of the world’s flora and fauna. 2.
Deforestation: Good or Bad? By Tristan McDermott (Final Copy) Deforestation is a controversial environmental issue, with some people believing that it is necessary to cut down trees to make room for things such as buildings and roads, while others believe that it is bad because it is destroying the environment. I believe that deforestation, while it does have a few positive effects, mainly has negative effects that massively outweigh the positive effects. According to an article written by National Geographic, (https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/deforestation/) deforestation is a major contributor to global warming: “Trees also play a critical role in absorbing the greenhouse gases that fuel global warming.
Sustainable forest management requires three major criteria which are the maintenance of ecological processes within the forest (soil formation, energy flow, biogeochemical cycles (carbon, nutrient and hydrological cycles), maintenance of biodiversity of forest, improving the net social benefits derived from the mixture of forest uses within the constraints by considering the future. Forest provides habitats for more than half of the fauna and flora on the Earth (SCBD, 2001). Forest biome plays an important role in mitigating climate change by serving as carbon sinks (Hassan et al., 2005). Forest land is the most fundamental natural resources which become reduced mainly due to anthropogenic pressures. For proper management of land, it is essential to have information about existing land cover and about the naturalness of the land.