Validity Of Syllogism Argument
Syllogism Syllogism, as a relation to its logical form, is an argument which consists of three categorical propositions, two of them premises which specify the proof, and a conclusion which, logically, holds from the premises. Aristotle and Barnes (1995:40) define the syllogism as “a discourse in which, certain things being stated, something other than what is stated follows of necessity from their being so.” In logic, syllogism is an instrument which is used by the speaker or the writer to determine the universal truths in specific situation. Aristotle and Barnes (1995: 39) refer that proposition is a statement which confirm or deny something of something. This proposition could be universal, particular or indefinite. Universal proposition …show more content…
The table below clarifies this idea: First Figure Parts Examples Code Major premise Minor premise No birds are cows All cows are animals P-M M-S Conclusion Some animals are not birds S-P Validity of Syllogism Cohen (2007: 2) states that there are 256 forms of syllogism, only 19 of them are valid. To identify whether the syllogism is valid or not, we must check their correspondence with one of the four figures. Syllogism is valid if and only if the premises are followed by conclusion. That is, if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true. First Figure: Barbara (AAA) Celarent (EAE) Darii (AII) Ferio (EIO) All birds are animals. All parrots are birds. All parrots are animals. No birds are foxes. All parrots are birds. No parrots are foxes. All dogs are animals. Some mammals are dogs. Some mammals are animals. No dogs are birds. Some mammals are dogs. Some mammals are not birds. Second Figure: Cesare (EAE) Camestres (AEE) Festino (EIO) Baroco (AOO) No foxes are birds. All parrots are birds. No parrots are foxes. All foxes are animals. No trees are
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