According to Aristotle, tragedy has six main elements. They are plot, character, diction, thought, spectacle and song. Tragedy is a simulation, not of men, but of deed and living, of pleasure and unhappiness. The quality concludes men's behavior, but it is their deed that creates them joyful or miserable. The main reason of act in the tragedy is not the symbol of quality; personality comes in as causative to the deed. Without deed there cannot be a tragedy there may be one without personality. The intend of tragedy is to bring about a "catharsis" of the watchers, to rouse them with feelings of disappointment and terror, and to clean them of these sensations so that they leave the plays feeling clean and uplifted, with a intensify understanding …show more content…
It was a time when they demanded absolute obedience from their subordinates as there was competition to take that position of power and authority. This hunger for power resulted in assassinations and ultimately a civil war where the lowest member of that society suffered. The ballad of Pemi Tshewang Tashi provides not only an insight into the authoritarian rule prevalent during those times but also provides a panoramic view of a country in conflict within those hierarchical system of obedience. Moreover, this ballad presents the obedient nature of Pemi Tshewang Tashi as he dutifully carries out a task of elephantine proportion obediently.
Pemi Tshewang Tashi, a local official serving under the Lord Angdruk Nim (Zongpon of Wangduephodrang) is ordered to lead an army to battle at Trongsa. His army is eventually defeated and he commits suicide by jumping off the cliff of Thomangdrak. The obedience in Pemi Tshewang Tashi is clearly brought about by Ura (1996, pp. v), “He sets off with a premonition of disaster, but puts loyalty to his lord above personal presentiment.” Perhaps it is right to point out that his untimely death was brought by his unquestionable loyalty and his lord’s dictatorial
“The Crucible” by Arthur Miller is commonly referred to as a tragedy. In the center of most tragedies, there emerges a tragic hero. A tragic hero can be defined as “a good man with a minor flaw or tragic trait in his character… the fall and sufferings and death of such a hero would certainly generate feelings of pity and fear” (“The Tragic Hero”). In other words, a tragic hero is a man who is thought of as noble or brave, acquires a flaw or misjudgment, and experiences a downfall into death as a result of his flaw. The first ingredient in the recipe of a tragic hero is the character’s traits and characteristics.
Pride was his tragic flaw and eventually was the cause of his death, fulfilling the definition of a tragic hero. The Crucible is considered a tragedy because of its themes of human suffering and the somber feelings it evokes from its’ audience, its’ use of John Proctor as a tragic hero, and his tragic flaw, pride, playing an instrumental role in his death. By definition, a tragedy is a piece of work which carries the theme of human suffering and also evokes a feeling of
Another form of tragedy is the Shakespearean Tragedy.
As such the emotions linked with tragedy in relation to the human condition are all universal leading to tragedy and the emotions associated becoming a common part of everyday life. Such as the sense of less felt upon the death of a decent human being or the fear that the events that happen hit too close to home causing realisation of their own suffering. As such tragedy is indeed a timeless genre whereupon the pathos and emotions which are invoked upon the audience can be directly linked back to the main character and their
Loung Ung’s First They Killed My Father is a vivid, detailed memoir of a young girl’s experiences in Cambodia throughout the Khmer Rouge era. It records in expressive detail the horrors suffered by the Ung and her family while living under the oppressive rule of the insane Khmer Rouge. Meanwhile, First They Killed Her Sister by Soneath Hor, Sody Lay and Grantham Quinn is a lengthy criticism in direct opposition to the aforementioned memoir. Although the authors of First They Killed Her Sister made some excellent points throughout their assessment of First They Killed my Father such as showing how Ung having misrepresented some aspects of Khmer culture and history, they completely and utterly failed in their attempt to discredit her based on the claims that she perpetuated racial tension and distorted what really happened in 1970s Cambodia, which breaks down the few good points they did have. The critics correctly assert and prove that Ung misrepresented certain aspects of Khmer culture and history, showing that at times, Ung’s description of what had happened was distorted or partially fabricated.
Oxford dictionary defines the word “play” in relation to theatre as “a dramatic composition which is represented or performed in a theatrical performance or film” . Also known as drama, a play is principally meant to be performed on stage rather than be read as it brings a more active form of presentation. It also “provides an extra dimension of dynamism as the readers can visualise the characters enacting the dialogue and action of the play while the audience can see the actors perform live on stage” (Tutorial notes-Unit 1, 2017). As a short story or novel, a play especially tragedy, according to Aristotle (384-322 BC) contained six vital elements. It includes (in order of importance)
“When we meet real tragedy in life, we can react in two ways- either by losing hope and falling into self-destructive habits, or by using the challenge to find our inner strength…” -Dalai Lama. In two of Sophocles’ famous plays, Antigone and Oedipus, the King, the character Creon is the victim of an unparalleled tragic fate that exemplifies Aristotle’s “tragic figure.” His definition being a character whose “tragedy should evoke pity…[they] must be essentially admirable… [their] demise must come as a result of some personal error…” (Simpson 1).
In the Novel, Lucky Child by Loung Ung 2005, Loung Ung is a girl who is chosen to go to America with her oldest brother and his wife. Chou is Loung’s older sister and stays in Cambodia. Lucky Child is a story about them trying to reunite with each other while coping with their inner demons revolving around the Khmer Rouge genocide and the Cambodian civil war. In this novel, persistence is a major character trait that allows the characters to survive and eventually thrive throughout their lives in their past, present and in the end. Despite enduring hardship during the Khmer Rouge, It is persistence that ultimately ends up playing a vital role that helps the characters survive.
According to A.C. Bradley, Shakespearean tragedy have the following elements “although a tragedy may have many characters, it is pre-eminently the story of one person or at most two. The story leads up to and included the death of the hero. The story depicts also the troubled part of the hero’s life which precede’s and leads up to his death. The hero is a conspicuous person, a person of high degree. The suffering and calamity are exceptional, of a striking kind.
He is considered a man of misfortune that comes to him through an error of judgment.” Notice that Aristotle uses the words he, man, and him and not she, woman, or her. This hints that the tragic hero must be a man, not a woman. A tragic hero must also have certain characteristics such as hubris, hamartia, peripeteia, anagnorisis, nemesis, and catharsis. These all mean that the character’s tragic downfall must have a beginning, middle, and end and emanate a feeling of pity and fear in the audience.
Tragedy has been a part of drama since the time of the ancient greeks, an example of such a tragedy is Oedipus Rex by Sophocles. Since then tragedy has been adapted to adhere to different societal views and conventions, such that of the american theatre. Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, is an example of that. Both plays fall into the category of tragedy, but exemplify it through different aspects in their respective heroes. The roles of Oedipus and Willy Loman as tragic heroes convey the meanings of the works as wholes through the use of the literary devices dramatic irony and imagery.
In his work, The Poetics Aristotle reflects on the role of pity and fear in tragedy, stating, “Tragedy is essentially an imitation not of persons but of action and of life; of happiness and misery. Add human happiness or misery takes the form of action… Character gives us qualities, but it is in our actions that we are happy or the reverse… The tragic pleasure is that of pity and fear” (Aristotle, The Poetics). Aristotle is probing one to conclude that tragedy is characterized by the pity and fear one evokes when individuals go against their presumed character and commit detrimental acts. Throughout his play Macbeth, Shakespeare, reminisces on the actions that gravitate an audience to render both fear and pity, which characterize a tragedy.
A tragedy is a dramatic work in which the principle character engages in a significant struggle ending in ruin and destruction. In creating his tragedy, Sophocles uses many techniques to create the feelings of fear and pity in his readers. This in turn creates an excellent tragedy. In Antigone, Sophocles does a great job at bringing out
Drama is literature written for performance--or at least written in a style that would allow for stage performance. As a text form, drama can be thought of as story told though spoken remarks and stage directions(Kurland ,2000) .When we hear the term drama we think fun, excitement , expression of one’s self . A famous quote says that “play is not in the words, it’s in you” (Steller Adler). In the world of drama it is essential that we understand the difference between Process and Product Drama.
The conventions of tragedy and comedy, such as the tragedy in Oedipus Rex and the comedy in The Taming of the Shrew, can shape the way the play is developed. Thorough analysis can reveal these dramas to be discussions of human experience. As Laurence Olivier once said: “The office of drama is to exercise, possibly exhaust, human emotions. The purpose of comedy is to tickle those emotions into an expression of light relief; of tragedy, to wound them and bring relief of tears. Disgust and terror are the other points of the compass.”