By ignoring racism, on a whole society will encourage lower wages and racism. Omi and Winant discuss in this chapter that their problem with the class-based paradigm is that it-ignored race. It puts all people on the same playing field, which we know isn’t true. Race does not follow class
In 1989, women’s rights were on fire, especially in the eyes of feminist Peggy McIntosh. At this time, she created an article titled “White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack” that inspected just that: white privilege. As expected, she forms an argument that argues against those who do not recognize their all-too-common- white privilege. After looking into the structure of “White Privilege”, a few obvious aspects make the piece successful in what it does. Overall, the format of the article allows for ease of a compelling reading.
This sys, however wasn’t limited to race and can be applied similarly to gender stereotypes”. (Mandi) McIntosh has made a great example of herself, by providing real life examples of her white privilege. With the proof of McIntosh’s advantage in our society, she strongly suggest that all who hold such privileges should use it to undermine the oppressive system, we all live in.
The Critical Race Theory was developed by a group of feminist scholars who studied the ways “racism and sexism helped to create and reinforce a power structure that historically privileged white males had over other Americans”. In the past 20 years, critical race theorists have used slave history to prove how a negative image of black women has persisted. It is the opinion of many respected scholars that the Critical Race Theory is difficult to define with simple examples. Two female scholars Derrick Bell and Darlene Clark Hine gave detailed examples to clarify their claims that race and gender played a major role in how CRT scholars were able to demonstrate why slave owners created the “jezebel” and “mammy” stereotypes. The “jezebel” was a term that implied a black female slave was a primitive creature with uncontrollable sex urges which caused innocent white slave owners to lose self-control.
White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack”, she notes that the whites in America are taught not to recognize their white privilege as males are taught not to recognize male privilege. Whites were also taught to see racism as something that puts people at a disadvantage rather than something that puts people at an advantage as well. Therefore, McIntosh decides to unpack her invisible knapsack and list 46 privileges she was granted because of her skin color. In Audre Lorde’s essay, she argues that feminists must critically examine their own use of dominant concepts. She also mentions that academic knowledge is based on an institution that has excluded people of colour.
Additionally, Francis faces job rejections despite his qualifications, highlighting racial biases in employment. These examples illustrate the pervasive impact of racism on individuals' lives and call attention to the need for societal change. Explain what structural racism is, and how it is showcased in this text. Provide 2 examples. 4 points
In Peggy McIntosh’s’ essay, “White Privileges: The Invisible Knapsack”, she uses numerous diverse rhetorical strategies to persuade and engage her readers attention toward the claims she states about white privilege and racism. The essay points out that males and white people from birth have certain privileges, earned strengths, and unearned power. The author made good use of ethos, pathos, and logos to persuade her readers to understand and accept her claims about white privilege, and these claims she specifically stated, gradually expanded her thesis throughout her essay. McIntosh’s purpose in her essay is to identify the “invisible systems” that we have of male and white privilege in order to educate the public and readers about the masked favoritism or inequality to reestablish it.
Reading and Reimagining Social Life In Allan Johnson’s Privilege, Power, and Difference, Patricia Hill Collins describes the Matrix of Domination as an intersectionality between all the isms, especially racism and sexism. Collins describes this cycle of domination saying “that each form of privilege is part of a much larger system of privilege” (Johnson, 52). Work for change needs to focus on the idea of privilege in all forms and the way in which it enables people to think in relation to inequality and power. The only way to understand the matrix, is by understanding its dimensions.
However, Making Systems of Privilege Visible is not the only collaborative writing done by Wildman and Davis. They published a novel titled Privilege Revealed: How Invisible Preference Undermines America in 1996, which won the Gustavus Myers Center for Human Right’s Outstanding Book Award in 1997. It focuses on how many Americans who advocate for a merit-based, race-free society do not acknowledge the invisible systems of privilege that are benefiting them more and more everyday, just like the advocating theme of their other
Looking at the modern office there are many “glass ceilings” that Steele refers to not only apply to minorities but to genders in general. Some bosses may stop people from being promoted because they are intimidated by women and do not think they should be placed on the same level as themselves, even though they are equally qualified for the position. Steele also talks about how a misused privileged can turn out to be a disadvantage such as the concept of welfare, because people use it to their advantage so much that it become a crutch for the rest of their lives. Wiley addresses a more individual process of failing to meet educational standards hence; “You get ballplayers who could barely form a compound sentence to keep a dog off them.” This statement is still true to this day due to the fact that so many people get accepted on full ride sports scholarships but their academics are below par, so that if something happens that keeps them from competing in sports they can not afford to stay in college nor can they keep their grades
People see whiteness because they experience its effects. A useful comparison can be drawn between the unrecognised privileges of males, and those of white people (McIntosh, 1988). It is not unusual for men to acknowledge that women are disadvantaged. With that said, McIntosh (1988) argues that white privilege is in the same manner without recognition and thus preserved. McIntosh (1988) views white privilege as an invisible collection of unearned assets that is of benefit to white people on a daily basis.
Without applying intersectionality in analysis, oppression can only be understood in general terms, which can cause forms of oppression to become undetected (Mattsson, 2014). Instead, intersectionality, demonstrates the complexity of gender, sexuality, class, and race avoiding stereotypes as a whole, rather than simplifying an individual based on one characteristic (Mattsson, 2014). For example, when I was working at a Community Centre in the Jane and Finch area, I had a conversation with my co-worker. He described the barriers and struggles he has faced because of his race and socioeconomic status. It was through this conversation that I realized the pre-conceived notions my co-worker had about me, as a white individual who did not grow-up in the same neighbourhood.
Black women are treated less than because of their ascribed traits, their gender and race, and are often dehumanized and belittled throughout the movie. They are treated like slaves and are seen as easily disposable. There are several moments throughout the film that show the racial, gender, and class inequalities. These moments also show exploitation and opportunity hoarding. The Help also explains historical context of the inequality that occurred during that time period.
Racial inequality has plagued our society for centuries and has been described as a “black eye” on American history. It wasn’t until the passing of The Civil Rights Act of 1965 that minorities were given equal protection under the law. This was a crucial step on our society’s road to reconciling this injustice. However, the effects of past racial inequality are still visible to this day, and our society still wrestles with how to solve this issue. In 1965, President Lyndon B Johnson said: “You do not take a person who, for years, has been hobbled by chains and liberate him, bring him up to the starting line of a race and then say you are free to compete with all the others, and still just believe that you have been completely fair.
She also spoke about different ways in which this oppression was resisted. An example of resisting subjectivity is what she called ‘infra-politics.’ What she means by this is to look within yourself and realize consciously that you are not what your suppressors say you are. By doing this, one can see their true potential as a human being and not view themselves using the definitions given to them by their
