According to the logical problem of evil, God is an omniscient, omnipotent, and omnibenevolent being. Yet, evil exist all around us. Since Mackie is an atheist, this is a contradiction he debates. How can a perfect God allow evil in the world? And how does free will influence evil? This essay will explain Mackie’s argument against the theist’s three premises. It will also cover Plantinga’s argument of free will and transworld depravity. Lastly, it will discuss Walsch’s free will theodicy and how it reflects on evil.
The argument states the existence of evil is impossible under the attributes of God. It is evident evil exists but it is not clear whether God exists. The purpose of Mackie’s and Plantinga’s argument is to prove whether or not God exist based on the existence of evil. Mackie does not agree on the existence of God and uses philosophy to prove it. He believes that there is no rational evidence that
…show more content…
Walsch clarifies we must practice extreme judgment in order to determine right from wrong. God explains he would not keep an individual from creating, experiencing and knowing the truth. He explains that he does not implement rules for his follows to obey because that would place a limitation. If Walsch’s free will theodicy was not valid, there would be rules and consequences for how we live our lives. He heavily relies on the idea of self. In other words, our experience would reflect of our own morals. Also, the results of our experience and our judgment are supposed to help us differentiate right and wrong.
An argument used to justify evil is co-creating. Walsch’s theodicy addresses an answer to natural evils. He states, “All of the world, co-creating together, produces these experiences” (Walsch, pg. 40). Therefore, the responsibility and consequence is all shared collectively. To extend the explanation, we are responsible for the choices we make and the results reflect on our
In addition, how can humans treat each other as though another human is just a bug that needs to be exterminated? Through the shocking stories, the reader also begins to question where God is; however, there needs to be a separation of blame. Human’s evil actions are not the responsibility of God. It must be recognized that humans have freewill to choose to do good or evil. Evil is of the world, but since God is not of the world, God is not responsible for the evil in the world.
He states what he believes to be the solutions theists give to solve the problem of evil. These solutions include the fact that the pain is unreal, God’s punishment for sinning, what makes the world better, and is God’s way of reminding men of his existence while also warning them to repair their ways. He argues that atheists are not affected by evil like theists are, which is why life is more comfortable for atheists. Evil does exist in the world, but evil also makes the world a better place. McCloskey claims that the presence of evil in the world argues against “the perfection of the divine design or divine purpose in the world.”
JL Mackie was persuasive in his argument by showing that belief in an almighty God is not rational. He proves this by posing the problem of evil. According to JL Mackie, if God exists and is omniscient, omnipotent, and good then evil would not exist. However, evil exists in this world, sometimes in the form of undeserved suffering (diseases that affect humans, earthquakes, famines ...) and others perpetrated by man (murders, wars ...). If God exists and has the capability to be powerful, good, omniscient and omnipotent, why would he let evil be perpetrated?
The existence of God has been presented by a multitude of philosophers. However, this has led to profound criticism and arguments of God’s inexistence. The strongest argument in contradiction to God’s existence is the Problem of Evil, presented by J.L Mackie. In this paper, I aim to describe the problem of evil, analyse the objection of the Paradox of Omnipotence and provide rebuttals to this objection. Thus, highlighting my support for Mackie’s Problem of evil.
Essay 2 My goal in this paper is to show that Swinburne’s solution to the Problem of Evil is persuasive. I begin with a formulation of Swinburne’s thoughts about the similarity and difference between moral evil and natural evil. I then formulate the connection between evil and free will. Next, I consider the potentiality objection to this argument, and Swinburne’s response to this objection.
On the other hand, theists like Swinburne, believe that evil is necessary for important reasons such as that it helps us grow and improve. In this paper I will argue that the theist is right, because the good of the evil in this specific case on problems beyond one’s control, outweighs the bad that comes from it. I will begin by stating the objection the anti-theodicist gives for why it is wrong that there is a problem of evil. (<--fix) Regarding passive evil not caused by human action, the anti-theodicist claims that there is an issue with a creator, God, allowing a world to exist where evil things happen, which are not caused by human beings (180-181).
In theory, he thinks that if God exists then evil should not, but it does. So he creates and argues a theodicy to show that God and evil can exist at the same time. He comes up with the “Free Will Theodicy” which states that humans are the cause of evil, not God. The Free Will Theodicy discusses two kinds of evil: moral evil and natural evil.
Molinism has been the subject of many discussions in analytic philosophy of religion ever since Alvin Plantinga accepted it in his Free Will Defense against the "Logical" Argument from Evil. Molinism presupposes libertarian freedom. Libertarianism, is defined as the proposition that opportunity is contradictory with causal determinism, in addition to the case, some of our activities are free. The debate over Molinism is gravitated around several sets of ideals, for this paper I will focus on the theoretical Tie objection and God’s middle knowledge. The main focus of Molinism is the proposition that God has middle knowledge.
In Mackie’s Fallacious Situation, there are four main points that are discussed. One of the points is “Good must exist with evil”. Another is that “Evil is necessary as a means to good”. Another one is that “The universe is better with some evil in it that it could be if there were no evil”, and lastly is “Evil is due to human freewill”. These ideas try to explore the co-existence of evil and good in the same
According to the April 1995 reading, "Evil and Omnipotence," John Leslie Mackie believes that an all-good God does not exist because if there was an all-good God, then the presence of evil would be impossible. He indicates that if God was good, then he could have created a world where no matter what decision we made, we would always make a morally right decision. The debate about the problem of evil can be examined more closely. I think Swinburne’s free will defense survives Mackie’s criticism of the free will defense.
Moral realism is the common belief that there are objective moral values. David Brink states that a “fairly clear core element in moral realism” is that “(1) there are moral facts or truths, and (2) these facts or truths are independent of the evidence for them”. (1) and (2) are not sufficient conditions for all forms of moral realism, according to Brink, but he believes they are necessary, so rejecting them means rejecting moral realism. This is what JL Mackie intends to do in his arguments from queerness and relativity. The argument from queerness is more convincing than the argument from relativity, but
Daniel Ertel Professor Hunt Phil 1010-01 October 1st, 2016 Is Gods Existence compatible with the existence of evil? One of the most dated arguments on the topic of God’s existence is whether its’ existence is compatible with the existence of evil. In his dissertation, “The Problem of Evil,” by Richard Swinburne, he attempts to demonstrate how evil can coexist in a world created by an omnipotent (all-powerful) and benevolent being. In his first objection, he argues that there is an omnipotent and omnibenevolent God in a universe that contains coexisting forces.
A lot of arguments have been known to prove or disprove the existence of God, and the Problem of Evil is one of them. The Problem of Evil argues that it is impossible to have God and evil existing in the same world. Due to ideal characteristics of God, evil should not have a chance to exist and make human suffer. In this essay, I will examine the argument for the Problem of Evil, a possible theodicy against the argument, and reply to the theodicy. First of all, to be clear, the Problem of Evil is an argument that shows that God cannot be either all- powerful, all-knowing, and/or all good.
The term theodicy in general relates to an effort in expounding why the Supreme Being has created several instances of evil and hurt yet He is good. This mode of occurrence is founded on the basis of offering a free will to the human beings. The theodicy model rotates around the knowing that the whole world has lots of free beings, however it is as well laced with major occurrences of annihilation, violence, besides anguish that massively contradicts the very reason of humanity and life. As Perry (30) observes, Weirob has an observation that the Supreme Being has a knowledge status that is likened to a special occurrence.
Fate, by definition, is the universal principle by which the order of things is seemingly prescribed. (Webster) Essentially, fate is events that are inevitable that we have no power to change. It is debatable that fate exists among everyone; however, humans are subject to making their own choices- free will. No matter what choices people make, they do not change our fate.