Methodology During The Tuskegee Study

The Tuskegee syphilis project was a study based on prejudices and unethical practices. The study began in1932 in Macon County, Alabama where a large number of black sharecroppers resided. The study included 600 African American men of which 399 had syphilis. The premise of the project was to study the effects of syphilis on the African American male. The men were told only that they were participating in a study and being treated for “bad blood.” At no time were the subjects communicated they had or did not have syphilis. At the beginning of the study, no treatment was available for syphilis, which is a sexually transmitted disease. There had been several studies on syphilis, but none on the effects of African Americans explicitly. Syphilis

In 1932, government doctors conducted a medical experiment known as the Tuskegee study. It took place in Macon County, Alabama. The Public Health Service launched 6 projects in the South in predominately poor black communities. One project took place in Macon County. The doctors were determined to diagnose as many as 10,000 people. By the end of 1931 there was not enough money to continue the program and therefore the doctors left. Public Health Service officials were anxious to benefit from the abandoned program. The head of the VD division Teleford Clark had a plan. If there was not enough money for this program then perhaps there was funding for less expensive research. He proposed Macon County as the ideal site for a 6 month study of untreated

Tuskee Syphilis Experiment Centers of Diseases Control and Prevention (2013) Tuskegee timeline Brunner, Borgna. The Tuskegee syphilis experiment. Info please.

The Tuskegee study of Untreated Syphilis began in 1932, mainly designed to determine the history of untreated latent syphilis on 600 African American men in Tuskegee, Alabama. 201 out of 600 men were non-syphilitic just unknowingly involved in the study as a control group This study is known to be “the most infamous biomedical research study in the U.S history”. Most of these men had never visited a doctor and they had no idea what illness they had. All of the men agreed to be a participant thinking they were being treated for “bad blood” and plus they were given free medical care and meals. But unfortunately, the experiment was also never clearly explained to them, they had thought it was just the best possible treatment expected to cure the sickness they might have had.

U.S. Public Health Service Syphilis Study at Tuskegee In 1932 an experiment was initiated by the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) to record the natural history of untreated, latent syphilis in African American men. The study took place in Macon County, Alabama; it involved 399 syphilitic men as well as 201 healthy, uninfected men to serve as the controlled group. This experiment which was “originally scheduled … to last six months.” as stated by Dr. Taliaferro Clark, Chief of the USPHS Venereal Disease Division, stretched out until 1972.

For the benefit of patient the medical profession has long subscribed to a body of ethical statements. It is used to safeguard the patient life and rights. But there have been times where these same rights are infringed upon and it is mostly due to lack of knowledge, social standing, or lack of monetary means all of which encompass a persons socio-economic status. Two different case studies will be evaluated to determine whether or not there truly is an effect on medical ethics. The first will be the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, and the case of Henrietta Lacks and the Hela cells.

The code of ethics in which an individual abides by speaks volume. High ethical values are very important in every facet of life. Honesty, loyalty and trust worthiness make up the moral compass in which to live. This moral compass can often be blemished with the ugliness of immorality, deceit and greed. The Tuskegee Syphilis study and The Stanford Prison Experiment are experiments indicative of how research and an individual’s ethical values can become distorted.

Introduction James H. Jones authored the book Bad Blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment. The Tuskegee Syphilis experiment was a study of 600 African American males that started in 1932 and ended in 1972 (Jones, 1993, p. 1) The study was not beneficial. This paper will summarize the book Bad Blood as well as address theoretical perspectives, methodology, and ethics of the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment.

In response to the horrific and disgusting acts of the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment, measures were put into place in order to prevent of a another disastrous incident from repeating. It was a political embarrassment to the government. The governing system at the time allowed the experiment to continue for decades before it was exposed to the public.Human subjects in the experiment were manipulated and exploited. It failed to protect its people and turned a blind eye to any unethical proceedings that took place during the experiment. As a result, the National Research Act of 1974 was proposed and signed into law on July 12, 1974..

The Tuskegee Syphilis Study had lots of controversy over the 1900´s. The study happened in a racist and poor time period between 1932 and 1972. It included 600 African American men that were infected with Syphilis. It was conducted in rural and poor Tuskegee, Alabama. The test was to see if African American males responded to Syphilis differently than white males. This study was passed and funded through Congress; however they did not know the full story. The wrong in this study was that the men did not give informed consent and did not receive any treatment. The men were studied till their autopsy, which is obviously death. This sparked much controversy and changed human experimentation forever.

With the disease running rampantly throughout the city it was quickly brought up to the medical community where the debate over inoculation began. The debate was whether or not inoculation was safe, ethical, and even if it worked with the majority opposing the method due to the lack of proper research, ethical reasons, and even religious reasons. However one doctor by the name of Zabdiel Boylston took it upon himself to inoculate a group of 282 citizens. Out of the 282 who were inoculated only 6 died to the disease thereby proving that inoculation was not an unsturdy

This study was referred to as the “Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis

“In the late 1800 and early 1900's, infectious diseases were the most serious threat to health and well being.” Until the late 1900’s the leading cause of death was communicable diseases. As doctors gain more knowledge about medicine the death rate of those disease has substantially decreased. The three main illnesses of the 1800’s-1900’s were scarlet fever, tuberculosis, and chicken pox, yet a positive outcome from these horrendous sicknesses were antibiotics, remedies, and vaccines. Scarlet Fever was one of the many illnesses in the 1800’s.

Stanford Experiment: Unethical or Not Stanford Prison Experiment is a popular experiment among social science researchers. In 1973, a psychologist named Dr. Philip Zimbardo wants to find out what are the factors that cause reported brutalities among guards in American prisons. His aim was to know whether those reported brutalities were because of the personalities of the guards or the prison environment. However, during the experiment, things get muddled unexpectedly. The experiment became controversial since it violates some ethical standards while doing the research.

3. Scientists believed the newly infected individuals produced quality specimen and it was impossible to detect the microbe once the infected individual started to recover. Scientists wanted to compare patients blood antibody test from early in their illness to the end of their illness in which they found that