The poor Virginian tobacco-growers of the 1700s blame the pressing economic issues they faced within the realms of slavery and debt as their driving force behind the American Revolution and battle for independence. (Holton, 60) The conflict between the British Merchants and Virginian farmers wasn’t shy of bloodshed; the intense debt to the merchants that the farmers found themselves in stirred anger and thoughts of rebellion which were not easily appeased. (Holton, 42) The cause for their debt is caused by a culmination of lavish spending, the decisions of Parliament (such as the Navigation Acts), and slavery. It was obvious that the government’s policies were favoring that of British mercantilism, jumpstarting the trade monopoly and making …show more content…
(Holton, 66) Most slave imports were sold on credit due to Virginia’s money crises. The Currency Act—which made printing legal paper tender illegal—did nothing to help alleviate the problem. (Holton, 62) Even big-shot, wealthy growers were unable to make some purchases without using credit. The problem was only more intense for the poor Virginian farmers, who made almost all purchases (especially slaves) on credit. It didn’t help that the slave duty was at a whopping twenty percent. This only brought the farmers into more debt with which their tobacco could not render enough profit to get them out of. According to William Allason, the poor farmers were dedicated to lowering the duty on slaves as low as possible as opposed to shutting down the slave trade altogether, for the farmers needed hands to cultivate their product. (Holton, 71) Britain sided with the gentry’s opponents which were the poor farmers. This example of camaraderie between the British and the poor Virginians establishes the farmers’ stance on independence; despite the troubles they have had with the economy, the poor farmers are so bad off that they would rather turn to Britain (home of the Parliament that imposed sanctions negatively affecting the economy) for aide in lowering the duty on slaves. (Holton,
Foreign ships were prohibited from trading in the English colonies, thereby preventing Virginians from continuing their profitable trade with the Dutch. Virginia’s principal crop stood in danger of additional taxation because of the Crown’s urgent need for revenue, and because the English at home were incorrigibly reluctant to pay the true cost of maintaining their government.6
While the economy of the North relied on fishing, trading, and textiles, the South had to make do with their “primitive” agricultural methods with the use of slavery. John was finally seeing through Henry’s clever scheme. Tariffs would prevent additional taxes from being places which make them cheaper, and more desirable, than foreign goods. This didn’t apply in the South. John was afraid that these tariffs would end up making foreign products even more expensive thereby damaging the South’s
As England’s demand for tobacco grew, Rolfe’s cash crop became the savior of many colonies. Similar to Jamestown, due to rough weather a number of colonies were not able to produce much of any agriculture, causing the lack of income and food. John Rolfe’s tobacco plant that originated in Virginia helped many of the other thirteen colonies in ways similar to Jamestown. With the spread of Rolfe’s significant economic force brought indentured servants, slaves, plantations, and high roles in colonial governments, but also brought conflict to the New World. The plant that all started with John Rolfe ultimately influenced the dawn of this nation because of the major influence tobacco had on the French and Indian War.
They went out onto the streets and towns to alert the merchants to stop bringing in certain British goods. In 1769, Virginia House of Burgesses put into effect to ban the goods that they people wrote down to boycott in the Townshend Acts. All the colonies except New Hampshire were on board with the idea. The value of imports began to decline over the next years. (Out of Many, Page
The colony of Virginia wasn’t always efficient in the growth and trade of tobacco. To understand the role tobacco played in the development of the economy and society of the once destitute colony, we first must look back at how Virginia was established. Although not considered to be a part of the founding of Virginia, before 1607 there were two attempts made by English settlers to establish a colony in the Chesapeake region of North America. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth first of her name, a charter was granted to English settlers that would allow for colonies to be established
Their ideals of settlement directly contrasted with the disease, death, slavery, rebellion, and inner-betrayal and rebellion that they struggled with. In seventeenth-century Virginia, land was plentiful but people were needed to work the fields. They found poor English adults who agreed to sign indentures, which stated that they would provide labor to till the fields in exchange for a passage into America. Those chosen were excited to gain entry into present-day America, because they wanted to be free of the religious persecution they faced in England, and escape the plagues and sicknesses
Brinkley also states, “Due to the Crop-Lien system, many freed slaves quickly lost any land they acquired” (365). This left former slaves with a serious burden of
The Americans lacked the freedom of trades due to the British’s triangular trade system which was a result of the advocation of Mercantilism. The reason why mercantilism exaggerated the condition in colonies was that they only protected the profits of local merchants and it limited the production of colonies and export. British merchants gained most profits among all and the monopoly of some daily life requirement rose the prices. Since the goods from British was the onlinest importing channel for the colony, the rights of decision on prices was fixed. The British regulated all trades from the colony and prices of local products which created a shock on American economic structure and made the value of the currency dropped.
At the dawn of the 1770s, American colonial resentment of the British Parliament in London had been steadily increasing for some time. Retaliating in 1766, Parliament issued the Declaratory Act which repealed most taxes except issued a reinforcement of Parliament’s supremacy. In a fascinating exchange, we see that the Parliament identifies and responds to the colonists main claim; Parliament had no right to directly tax colonists who had no representation in Parliament itself. By asserting Parliamentary supremacy while simultaneously repealing the Stamp Act and scaling back the Sugar Act, Parliament essentially established the hill it would die on, that being its legitimacy. With the stage set for colonial conflict in the 1770s, all but one
Now that the South doesn’t need their [Great Britain’s] support selling cotton to them is not necessary [Great Britain isn’t supporting them at this point]. It is not necessary because now that Great Britain isn’t doing its part, the South isn’t supplying them with cotton. European countries outlawed slavery and started to support the Union. This shows how the cotton diplomacy failed to
The actions of the members of Shay’s Rebellion went too far. Even though they were angry. They started an uprise because they were getting treated unfairly. On page 195 of the textbook it states, “American farmers suffered because they could not sell their goods.” Since they could not sell their goods, they didn’t have a way to earn money.
These colonies came across numerous hardships with war, famine, and political turmoil, in the 1600’s. These colonies worked for commercial purposes and neglected the need for relationship building with natives, safety, and resource gathering, so much so that they lost many early settlers. Working as an indentured servant was brutal in these colonies. Growing, storing, and packaging tobacco was very labor intensive work. Though indentured servants maintained contracts providing them with food, housing, and clothing, often times terms of service were lengthened.
Between 1763 and 1775, there were three ‘Imperial Crises’ which occurred between the British and the American colonists. The conflict that was produced during this period arose through an undefined balance of political and economic power between the two parties. In 1763, Britain had just concluded the French and Indian war and was left with an immense and almost crippling debt of around 140 million pounds sterling (“Turning Point In American History”). In Britain’s eyes, the most effective way to reduce this debt was increased taxes. Unfortunately, the people of England were already massively overtaxed, which meant the last option for the British was to tax the American colonists.
“Sugar was the product of the slave and the addiction of the poor factory worker- the meeting place of the barbarism of overseers such as Thomas Thistlewood and the rigid new economy. And yet that very reason sugar became the lynchpin of the struggle for freedom” (Aronson & Budhos pg 70). “...in order to
For example, small farmers depended on the local plantation aristocracy for access to cotton gins, markets for their modest crops and their livestock, and credit or other financial assistance in time of need. The great cotton economy allowed many small farmers to improve their economic fortunes. Some bought more land, some became slave owners, and some moved into the fringes of plantation society. A typical white southerner was a yeoman farmer, who was also known as “plain folk.” These farmers owned a few slaves, with whom they worked and lived more closely than the larger planters.