Intro:
“Those who want to live, let them fight, and those who do not want to fight in this world of eternal struggle do not deserve to live.” These are the words of Adolf Hitler, perhaps the cruelest yet most charismatic leader to ever walk the face of the Earth. How did he manage to captivate and manipulate the people in one of the most advanced countries in the world? How did he persuade a generation of youth to fight in a war just 21 years after one of the deadliest conflicts in history? The answer lies in the Weimar Republic’s polarizing and strange culture. Hitler needed Weimar and its radical social reforms to frighten the German people. He needed the instability and chaos, because he derived his power from fear. The culture of the Weimar
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The Influence of World War I on Germany:
The Treaty of Versailles, signed in the June of 1919, ended World War I, but also sealed Germany’s fate. Through a complete political upheaval orchestrated by the Allied powers, Germany became a Republic. Their new democracy, modeled after the American government, had a President, a congress, and a regular voting schedule; these measures were taken to ensure a sense of adaptability and balance of power. What the Allies couldn’t have foreseen, or perhaps didn’t bother to consider, was that Germany wasn’t a democratic nation. Unlike other European countries, Germany didn’t have the traditions or the experience to smoothly integrate a democracy into its national fabric. Additionally, largely due to the fact that the democracy was put into effect by Germany’s adversaries from the war, the democracy was seen as a punishment for losing. Germans helplessly watched as their beloved Kaiser was forced to abdicate the throne, and as new and unfamiliar leaders, many of whom were members of the Socialist party,
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By skillfully promoting rhetoric that prioritized traditional values, German people clung onto an idealized past when women weren’t in the workforce, when art didn’t depict the grotesque and scary aspects of society, and when prostitutes weren’t in the public eye. If Weimar culture hadn’t developed in such an extreme fashion, then it would have been easier for the Weimar Republic to survive. However, as it strayed further and further from the past, people found it harder to grow accustomed to. The more liberal the country became, the more people craved the return to past traditions and ideals. Where the left grew increasingly polarized and indecisive, the right stayed unified and strong. The National Socialist party preached Volksgemeinschaft, “one united nation.” Because the culture of the Weimar Republic had so many foreign influences, the culture itself felt detached and isolated from the German people. Many people latched onto Hitler’s promise of returning a true German nation that put German citizens first. Because the stab-in-the-back myth was so popular, it was easy for the Germans to rationalize the idea that the Weimar Republic, including its culture, wasn’t a product of the morally-correct and racially-superior German people. If they returned to the traditionalist culture that had existed before, then they would be able to get rid of the foreign forces that were trying to tear the
The Nazi Party was revered and feared because they were able to exploit people’s fears. The Nazi party existed before the rise of Hitler, but they were a small and virtually unnoticeable party. The entire world was hit by an economic depression in the early 1930s and Germany was not immune. The people of the country were angry and impatient and feared that their parliament was too weak to rectify the economic situation.
The article “Teens Against Hitler” by Lauren Tarshis, describes the great challenges Ben, his family, and many other Jewish families faced over the rule of Adolf Hitler and the Nazis amid World War II. History Since the end of World War II in 1918 Germany had been struggling, and their community was in no condition for war (6). But, Hitler took power by tapping into those feelings, and declared that Germans were superior to everyone else (6). Adolf Hitler was plotting the annihilation of Europe’s 9.5 million
Not all germans followed Hitler’s rule because they had different beliefs or different morals some hated hitler so much they set organizations to fight back. Although Hitler was the fuhrer of Germany Aryan communists tended not to change their believes and follow Hitler which led to an interesting relationship between them. Many of the political enemies of nazis were put into concentration camps along with jews.(USHMM) “ Of the germans who opposed Hitler’s dictatorship, very few groups openly protested the nazi genocide against the jews.”(USHMM)
Sebastian Haffner, in his memoir Defying Hitler, describes the rise of National Socialism within Germany during the interwar years that were plagued with thoughts of war, poverty and defeat. Lives that previously had purpose and were connected through mass culture surrounding the ‘Great War’, were now barren. This war-ravaged void left behind from World War One, that had been previously placated by political headlines, war reports, stock quotes and sport statistics, left the German people deprived of any personal fulfilment and balance within their private lives. This deprivation allowed Hitler’s nationalist message, and propaganda for the Nazi regime, to pervade German thoughts, winning a battle over the German minds. This battle, as Haffner
The cost of strengthening the military demanded heavy funding that could be for the domestic needs of Germany. The media cynically used propaganda to demonize its political opponents and elevate the military as Germany's guardians while swaying the public into supporting militarism as necessary for the country's well-being. Nationalist sentiment spread throughout Germany via newspapers and radio communication, uniting its people under the pretense of xenophobia and hatred against those threatening Germany's prosperity. Several political parties arose during this period that shifted from the Conservative party's beliefs to a more democratic and liberal view. Some of the parties that came about during this time were the Social Democratic party, Liberal party, and Liberal Democratic party; each of the parties had its own set of ideals that segregated them from the other parties, but all had the same
The first way in which Hitler appealed to the Germans can be attributed to nationalism. Nationalism, excessive pride in one 's country, caused Hitler and the Nazi Party to seem attractive because it was almost second nature. Germans ' hearts burst with pride and "supreme love of their fatherland..." (doc 2). The people of Germany loved their country, and therefore, loved their leader. They were willing to drop everything and fight for Germany if their leader ordered them to.
Some books contained racism and abolishing the treaty of Versailles and dreaming about the large Germany again. Actually many people read those books and they started to support Hitler. Also, For Hitler to rise to power, he would have to use legal and constitutional methods, not violence. Therefore, he organized the propaganda and Merges with other right wing parties.
As illustrated in Document L, Germany depicted Jews as the root of their problems. The multiple failures of democratic governments angered citizens into a revolt for new change in political aspects of the country. In essence, it allowed them to put the blame on others in an attempt to resolve the internal issues within Germany. Correspoinsidly in Document G, the rise of fascism directly influenced political parties in the German democracy as the number of Nazi members of the Reichstag began from twelve in 1928 and rose to 230 by 1933. Similarly, Russia needed a new way of life and leadership following the Russian Revolution in 1917.
While he dictated, the culture of Germany was changed. Hitler wanted to make the population all think and be one certain way. To make this happen he made, “ Musical performances, movies, and other cultural public activities...all meant to make German’s brains exactly like the Nazi, eliminating any other thought of anti-government”(1). By controlling what people watched and read, Hitler brainwashed Germans to think positively of him and the Nazi’s. The population was not able to freely read or watch any sort of literature or other arts.
German Nazism was a major event in world history that affected numerous different countries as well as numerous different people. Adolf Hitler was the main cause of German Nazism and caused millions of deaths, six million of those being Jews. He is most well-known for the Holocaust that he created trying to rid Germany of all other religions, specifically the Jews. However, it is important to see Hitler before he became a dictator as well as to see what he did during his dictatorship along with what happened to the world after his reign ended. German Nazism had many causes and effects that continue to affect the world today.
Identity and social norms during the Weimar Republic had changed a lot since the start of the war. These changes were extremely necessary because of the post-war turmoil. Regardless of the negatives of the Weimar Republic, it gave people new perspectives. Paul Bookbinder agreed in his point that, “the fourteen years of the Weimar Republic were a weigh station on the road to genocide, and yet they also witnessed the struggle of many decent, sincere people to create a just and humane society in a time of great artistic creativity.” There was a significant amount of political disagreement and negative reactions from the people but that could be argued about any modern form of democratic government today.
The weaknesses faced by the Weimar Republic was known which also enabled Hitler to exploit the weaknesses of the left and the moderates. Appearing to be the strong leader and withholding the communication skills needed to lead a country, he was able to gain the votes he needed (Orlow 'Modern Germany ' p.185). There were violent strikes in the streets, back and forth fighting, rioting. People were killed and the people of Germany, who feared Communism and despise chaos, sided with the “volkishe” parties, who promised to establish law and order. The people of Germany thought rather than having thousands die it would be better to have law and order and break a few heads than to live with that chaos.
Kaitlin made an interesting point in her post: she argued that barbarism is the summarization of Nazi’s philosophical political ideologies and the most important factor in Hitler’s seize of power. I partly agree with Kaitlin’s assessment; barbarism is truly a succinct summary of uncivilized ideologies: war, racism, and violence. As Bessel pointed out, Weimar Germany was seriously wounded and lived in the shadow of World War I: its “social, cultural and political points of reference were the war” (172). And the nation’s deep desire to revenge “made the crude politics of Adolf Hitler and his henchmen acceptable to both Germany’s elites and Germany’s masses” (174).
Propaganda, terror and repression played a significant role in the Nazi regime. Hitler used each to supplement and complement each other with the main focus to make Hitler appear a strong, powerful and all-knowing man who was in favour of the Nazi vision of the ‘national community’. This all impacted the German people by preserving support for Nazism and ensuring that the community that didn 't agree with the Nazi regime would not be heard by any
Hitler was a Facist. Believing in a strong central government and strict control of industry and the people, Fascism was a reaction to the perceived failure of free market economics and a deep fear of communism. Highly militaristic, Fascism also was driven by a sense of belligerent nationalism that encouraged conflict as a means of social improvement (Hickman). The Nazis began quickly rising to power. When the Reichstag building (the German parliament) burned, Hitler blamed the Communist Party and used the incident to justify banning other political parties from opposing the Nazis.