Literature review
An investigation into the controversy, that vaccines cause Autism.
There is a huge debate about whether or not vaccines are the cause of many cases of autism in young children. The main vaccine that has been under lots of research is the MMR vaccine that young children have between the ages of 12- 15 months old and the second dose at ages of 4-6 years old.
Source A
• Historyofvaccines.org. (2018). Do Vaccines Cause Autism? | History of Vaccines. [online] Available at: https://www.historyofvaccines.org/content/articles/do-vaccines-cause-autism [Accessed 25 Feb. 2018].
Title:
The history of vaccines, an educational resource by the collage of physicians of Philadelphia - Do vaccines cause autism?
Origin This source
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Andrew Wakefield is a British researcher that was associated with the search that childhood vaccines do not cause autism. He had several undeclared conflicts of interest, which one was from a law firm that was looking for the evidence of cases against vaccines manufactures, which was about R975 000. There is a part in the article has graph that shows the presenting of autism and the possible causes. it is said to be that a baby who has had an injury to its cerebellar, it makes the baby have a higher chance of getting autism and to score highly on the autism screening …show more content…
Most parents are still against their children being immunized. In 18 states there were about 159 diagnoses of measles. Doctors from the United States are trying to convince e parents to stop opting out of giving their children the vaccines as it is causing more and more outbreaks of measles. Children with older siblings with autism were thought to have a higher chance of developing autism after the MMR vaccines. A study shows that there is no relation between the MMR vaccine and autism in children with or without older siblings as it is said that MMR actually reduces the risk of
However, in recent times we know that it is also a genetic factor and environmental factor which brings this upon babies. Matsuzaki states, “ genetic and environmental factors play a major role in the development of autism. However, most cases are idiopathic, and no single factor can explain the trends in the pathology and prevalence of autism. At the time of this writing, autism is viewed more as a multifactorial disorder” (Matsuzaki). At the time of the MMR vaccine was being distributed to children it was the age that autism shows most
In his book, Deadly Choices: How the Anti-Vaccine Movement Threatens Us All, Paul A. Offit, M.D. presents us with a thoroughly in-depth look behind the veil of the vaccine controversy. Specifically here in the United States. Offit starts us off with the history of vaccinations giving insights into not just their creation but the controversy that has surrounded them since the beginning. We learn how these questions around safety and personal rights started and who have been the major decision makers in history. We hear about the groups and people that support vaccinations and those that do not.
Knopf explains, how measles can be a deadly disease. As less parents are vaccinating their children, they can no longer rely on “herd immunity”. The lack of vaccinations can be linked to a direct fear of autism. However, with the
In spite of different sides on this debate there are those who take the opportunity to help with research to get to the bottom of autism. In the article “A voice for science” by Meredith Wadman interviews Alison Singer. Singer who is the founder of the foundation Autism Science Foundation (ASF), “a tiny New York Based charity with a relentless focus on rigorous science, a niche supporting the youngest researchers and a guiding principle that “vaccines save lives; they do not cause autism”. (Wadman) She also grew up with autistic brother, and also felt the stigma attached to autism, “Singer’s mother, who had been told she was to blame for Steven’s condition, instructed her daughter to tell people that she had just one, younger, brother.
Summary and Reflection on The Panic Virus Amid the ongoing dispute that links vaccines with autism, Seth Mnookin has published The Panic Virus in 2011. Due to what must be the success of the book, the author has re-published the book with an afterword in 2012. The book’s purpose is to provide perception of the truth using scientific facts and evidence. The author’s curiosity and interest in the issue grew after the realization of the suspicion of his friends toward the medical establishment and instead rely on journalism and media.
Through the development of this investigation I have explored the variety of ways of finding information, In addition, I have faced some of the challenges that historians faced. First and foremost one of the primary sources which I used-- “Vaccine War” an interview featuring Jenny McCarthy was raw information, meaning that it was one of a few stories of concerns parent who told media they had believed that the vaccine was the cause autism in their children. Although this interview does raise questions and include evidence both firsthand and handed down; it is not reliable in a sense that it has almost no scientific foundation. Unlike scientist who have a constant result that never changes, historians on the other side will get different stories
Introduction A young mother and father look in on their small frail daughter lying listlessly in her bed. Feverish, sweaty, and lethargic, she peaks up at her parents pleading for the pain to go away. Her glands are swollen and her body is hot, her beautiful skin welted in red. The note from school warned of an outbreak of rubella measles.
To vaccinate or not to vaccinate? That is the question. Vaccination has sparked heated debate since its development amongst the following groups; parents, naturopaths, medical professionals, etc. Fuel has been added to the fire of the vaccine debate by the media and anti-vaxxer fear mongering tactics, making it hard for those considering vaccination, to decipher fact from myth. It is vital that we first understand the facts rather than believing the latest rumor before making an informed decision to vaccinate or not.
Vaccination Nation is about the controversy of vaccinations causing autism. The United States federal court denied any link between autism and vaccines, more specifically the MMR vaccine. Vaccines causing autism has been the talk on news, celebrities and magazines. Despite scientist denying that there is no connection this topic has gained several legal claims against vaccines. This has led parents into panic about autism.
Studies have proven that vaccines are not the cause of mental illnesses. The United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit ruled (3-0) that immunizations do not cause autism in the case of Cedillo v. Secretary of Health and Human Services (ProCon). This ruling confirmed two previous rulings as well that also stated mental disabilities were not outcomes of protecting one’s immune system. The repercussions of not vaccinating a child, or even an adult, exceed the possibilities of catching a cold after receiving a vaccine, which could potentially save one’s life. Immunizations have more positive outcomes than those that are negative.
When you speak to a person, who is anti-vaccination, the first three words out of their mouth are usually “Vaccinations cause autism!” This number one anti-vaccination argument, yet it has been proven wrong time and time again. How come this false statement is still used so religiously by anti-vaccination supporters? The theory that vaccines cause autism was first suggested in 1998 by Dr. Andrew Wakefield.
However, there are more resounding evidence that disproves the relationship between vaccines and autism that can’t be ignored. The study, published by the Lancet in 1998, conducted by Dr. Andrew Wakefield ignited a controversy in the medical world. 12 children believed to have developed autism participated in a study that reviewed their medical histories and evaluated their developments. They were reviewed for any underlying biological/physiological factors that could affect the child’s health.
A subject that engenders fear and questions amongst parents all over the world. Autism and vaccines: a link that just won’t die. The debate over whether vaccines cause autism has become one of the most controversial disputes in the United States. On one hand, the medical world makes the argument that parents are either crazy or selfish not to vaccinate. Vaccines help us avoid acute illnesses and lower death rates.
Unfortunately, the anti-vaccination movement is becoming increasingly popular due to individuals’ unfounded fears and imagined consequences associated with the idea of purposely inserting a disease into one’s body. However, despite one’s beliefs, vaccines are essential not only to a person’s well-being, but to the health of those around them. Mandatory vaccinations do not cause autism; rather, they save lives while upholding values of
In today’s society individuals who are against vaccinations believe that vaccines, most notably the MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine, are causing our children to develop Autism. Many people who share this belief are involved in a movement known today as the anti-vaccine movement. While not a new movement, it is making headlines and gaining traction due to the