INTRODUCTION: The Immune System is a multipurpose defense system that has evolved to protect animals. The protective mechanism of organisms can be determined by the recognition of precarious stimuli followed by appropriate response in terms of activation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Immune function further depends on the biologic activities of numerous small glycoprotein messengers, termed cytokines. Originally discovered and defined on the basis of their crucial functional activities
micheal hayag Table of contents Page title Page number Introduction Page # 1 Body system Page # 2-5 5 communicable diseases Page # 6-10 prevention Page # 11-12 Introduction: Immunity is a state of a specific resistance to infection. Specific resistance is directed against a particular type of microorganism and is a one of the most important characteristic of the immunity. The Immune System is a system of biological structures that processes in an organism that protects in diseases
IMMUNE SYSTEM All living organisms are continuously exposed to substances that are capable of causing them harm. Most organisms protect themselves against such substances in more than one way --- with physical barriers, for example, or with chemicals that repel or kill invaders. Animals with backbones, called vertebrates, have these types of general protective mechanisms, but they also have a more advanced protective system called the immune system. The immune system is a complex network of organs
Vaccines and the Circulatory, Lymphatic, and Immune Systems Yekaterina Fedorova Community College of Aurora Vaccines and the Circulatory, Lymphatic, and Immune Systems Homeostasis is the continual process in the body which balances the different body systems to create a favorable internal environment. Three systems in the body, namely, the circulatory (blood), lymphatic, and immune systems work separately to maintain the optimum environment for the body. Vaccines for children have been
The immune system is the most important system in the human body because it protects the body from strange objects, such as viruses, bacterium, and germs. Unfortunately, sometimes the immune system becomes overactive and attacks different areas of the body, such as the lungs, joints, heart, blood, skin, kidney, or brain, which are a healthy area in the body. This overactive of the immune system can lead to many diseases, known as autoimmune diseases. These autoimmune include many diseases, such as
The Immune System The immune system is a complex network of specialised proteins, cells, tissues and organs which work together and function as the bodies ‘defence’ mechanism. The immune system works by protecting the host from ‘foreign’ invasions by responding to pathogens which enter the body and cause diseases and/or infections, some of which are life-threatening. Immune response can be either innate or adaptive. The Innate immune system provides non-specific, structural, rapid response, whereas
complexity of the human immune system comprises of specialised cells(leukocytes), proteins (antibodies, lysozymes), tissues (lymphatic vessels), and organs (spleen) working together to fight off pathogens due to constant exposure. The first line of defence is the innate immune system which reacts rapidly to the pathogens. Whilst the adaptive immune system responds slowly to infection and also possesses a high degree of specificity. However, it is the activities of the innate immune system that prompt the
Overview of Immune system The human body provides the ideal environment for the microbes such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi to enter the body. Thus, it is the jobs of the immune system to keep them out by protect the body from the harmful substances. Immune system is when the networks of cells and tissues work together to defend the body against the foreign invaders.(Menche,2012 and National Institute Health,2003). According to the Latin word, immune come from the word immunis which
transporting blood around the body by a system known as the circulatory system. This system carries blood around the body from the heart to the organs, tissues and cells of the body. Blood is made up of blood cells, namely erythrocytes, thrombocytes and leucocytes – in an extracellular matrix called plasma, which makes up approximately 55% of the blood. It is essential that blood is transported to the organs and systems of the body in order for these systems to function. The fluid is transported
lifestyle, and the nearby presence of a family support system, could be a positive method of coping with stress for students living with parents or relatives. Similarly, the condition of hostels might be unsatisfactory, leading to higher stress among those living there. Academic factors were one of the most important stressors in the participants of the current study, and these could be
INTRODUCTION Hygiene hypothesis states that exposure to allergens in the environment in early life reduces the risk of developing allergies by boosting the immune system activities.1 Therefore individuals exposed to clean environments in their early life turn the immune system towards allergy promoting responses. This is referred to as the hygiene theory.1 Our body have been destroyed by an accelerated reduction in number and variety of microorganisms that populate our bodies and immediate environment
1) Inflammation system. When inflammation release is low, the immune response tends to be weak. This exposes the body to bacterial, fungal and viral infections. On the flip side, massive inflammation response get tragic on your body. With uncontrolled inflammation release, immune response dysregulates due to over work and shuts down. The net effect as a result is rampant inflammation in the body causing: Autoimmune disorders. E.g., arthritis, autism, cancer, and stroke Exposure to infections
Introduction Role of fHbp in the immune evasion of N. meningitidis Tom Lotze Neisseria meningitides or meningococcus is well known for causing severe diseases such as meningitis and septic shock as a result of infection, both of which are highly mortal (Seib et al. 2009). Despite these serious consequences, N. meningitidis is part of the normal flora of the nasopharynx of 40% of adults worldwide, and the infection usually goes by asymptomatically (Schneider et al. 2007; Haralambous et al. 2006)
to give children the vaccinations, for they will understand when they get older. Vaccinations help people fight diseases, and keep them safe from other future diseases down the road. One article states, "Normally when people are younger their immune systems are stronger than they are when they are older" (Mercadal). Doctors highly recommend people take their vaccinations as a child, so they can fight off other infections that could naturally hurt them more in the future. It also states, "Vaccinations
As people age their immune system become less effective. The immune system becomes less affective on distinguish self from non-self. Autoimmune disorders are common with this. The production of macrophages decrease, what are cells that ingest bacteria, cancer cell and other antigens. T cells respond
SEPTEMBER 2015 SUBMISSION DATE: 12 APRIL 2015 MIKAYLA VAN WELIE 201470536 Table of Contents Introduction 3 Malaria Cycle In The Body 3 Characteristics Of Plasmodium Falciparum 3 Cytoadherence 3 Innate Immune Response 4 Specific Immune Response 4 Complications 4 Cerebral Malaria 4 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) 5 Kidney Function 5 Liver Function 5 Other Effects 6 Anaemia & Thrombocytopenia 6 Hypoglycaemia
pathogens and regulation of immune system. Immune system plays important role in maintaining the body healthy health by elimination of pathogens. CD4+ T cells in particular, play key role in the adaptive immune system and located in the lamina propria (LP) of the intestine. Microbiota plays important role in the development of CD4+ T cells. Stimulated naive CD4+ T cells can differentiate into T helper 1 (Th1), Th2 and Th17. Altered gut microbiota have been strongly linked to immune compromised conditions
A Neuro-Immune Approach In Understanding Acute Kidney Injury Abstract Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant health concern. The primary causes of AKI are ischemia, sepsis and nephrotoxicity. Acute kidney injury is mediated by both adaptive and innate immune systems. The role of the nervous system in the activation of immune response and vice- versa is becoming a topic of interest in acute kidney injury. The two systems have a different mode of action. While the nervous system is static
your body especially, to the digestive system. The human body is full of both good and bad bacteria. Probiotics are considered the “good” and “helpful” bacteria in the body because it keeps the gut healthy by regulating digestion and intestinal function. What are the benefits of probiotics? Probiotics have a lot of benefits to the body especially to your immune system and digestive health. - It improves your digestive health. It keeps your digestive system healthy, making it more efficient by stimulating
(about 70%). Since it is mostly human, the patient’s immune system won’t (immediately) view it as a threat. The prefix is unique