Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Case Study

There is a lot to think about when it comes to transplanting muscle fibers. Since there are fast twitch and slow twitch muscle fibers all over the body within every muscle group, one would have to extract the entire muscle. Then there is the issue with the cells of the tissue staying alive during the process of removal and transplant. However, it is possible to increase the number of muscle fast twitch muscle fibers through surgery, but one will not be able to do so without transferring over some slow twitch muscle fibers. The muscle fibers will also need to be the of the patient’s muscle or longer for success. Yes, muscles have the ability to stretch but stretching is limited. Meanwhile, the muscle will have to bind for attachment until healing occurs and attaches to the origin and insertion sites. Even though this process has a high possibility of succeeding, there are many questions at hand. Muscle transplantation is faced with ethical dilemmas, training concerns, and population accessibilities.

1.1 Explain the sequence and rate of each aspect of development from birth - 19 years.

At 1 year they will try to speak using singular words (i.e. yes, mum etc.) which may not always be very clear.

In the autobiography, Laughing at my Nightmare, the author, Shane Burcaw, is diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy, and the book deals with Burcaw’s life with spinal muscular atrophy. In order to understand spinal muscular atrophy, one must know the causes, the variations of spinal muscular atrophy, as well as the outlook of the disease.

The prominent features of this stage is reduced mobility, a curvature of the spine (scoliosis), muscle weakness, rigidity spasticity and an increase in muscle tone. Girls previously able to walk may not be able to walk anymore.

A child with Down syndrome ranges from when they were born to about 12 years old. They tend to develop at a slower rate in comparison to the typical developing child.

Microtubules perform highly critical roles in the cell. If some perturbation happens, microtubules cannot function properly thus leads to diverse diseases in some tissue. In human body, the dysfunction of microtubules can cause many devastating diseases, for instance, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Parkinson Disease, and Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia.

The article “Rescue of dystrophic skeletal muscle by PGC-1α involves restored expression of dystrophin-associated protein complex components and satellite cell signaling” by Hollinger and others (2013) looked to investigate the effectiveness of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma Coactivate 1-alpha (PGC-1α) gene transfer therapy used to alleviate muscle degeneration in people with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) disease, who essentially lacks protein dystrophin. The authors investigated how PGC-1α would be able to restore the level of dystrophin by upregulating the expression of utrophin, a similar protein, to act as a substitute and prevent the continuing decline of muscle function. Treatment was done on mouse models, then measured utrophin level histologically, PGC-1α expression biochemically, and muscle force functionally. Positive results were mostly interpreted from the data, showing an increase in PGC-1α expression, higher levels of utrophin and associated molecules, and produced stronger contractions in treated muscle cells compared to the controls. This study was well-produced but adjustments and elaboration were needed.

As a result, muscle cells are very weak and fragile. DMD occurs primarily in boys but can occur in girls (very rare), and can occur in any race. Symptoms occur in very early childhood, usually before 6 years old. Some signs and symptoms are clumsiness, delayed motor skills, trouble climbing stairs, trouble running, trouble maintaining balance, and enlarged calves. Intellectual disabilities are possible but are not always present, and they do not get worse over time. The muscles of the hips, pelvis, thighs, and shoulders are usually affected first. During the teenage years the child is usually wheelchair dependent due to the muscles being unstable. The heart and lungs are also affected by the mid-teens. As a result, breathing disorders and an enlarged heart

Last week, I have done my presentation in topic “Unhappy Triad” with my friends from my PBL group so I have learnt many experiences about presentation, group working and speaking skill also I have learnt about knowledge about my presentation topic “Unhappy triad” too. In this essay I will reflect about two major concepts including my preparation of this presentation and my experience during this presentation.

I was able to return to my normal state of working out once per day for 6 days for 2 hours per workout. I was still unable to train legs, but all other muscle groups were worked out. Also, I was still able to consume 8 or more bottles of water per day and had a consistent, well-balanced, high protein diet (no sodas or fatty foods). My overall strength improved in all areas and is now more evident (looking bigger and stronger). I failed to bench press 315 lbs., but did get one rep of 305 lbs. My weight currently sits at 182 lbs.

A developmental disability is a condition that impairs a child 's natural process of development. Developmental disabilities can occur in any number of areas, including behavior, language, learning, and physicality. Devereux Georgia is a behavioral health organization working with children and families throughout the Kennesaw, Georgia, area.

Voice analysis in dysarthria is challenging because of the complexity of the disorder and its affects on the speech production system. A combination of perceptual and acoustic analysis is increasingly common because of its convenience. The aim of this report is to perform the voice analysis in 66 years old male diagnosed as spastic dysarthria. Based on the assessment we can conclude that voice analysis reveals interesting data on the multiplicity of voice quality in spastic dysarthric.

The Cephalocaudal Pattern is a developmental sequence in which the earliest growth occurs from top to bottom. An example is size, weight, and feature differentiation, which works from top to bottom.

In Malaysia, it is common thing to see children carrying a backpack especially during school day. We can tell that their backpacks are heavy because they will bend forward while carrying backpack. Unfortunately, carrying a heavy backpack among schoolchildren has not yet become an issue or concern or threat in Malaysia. In United States, approximately 40 million students carry backpack to school (Pascoe et al., 1999). According to Iyer, it is reported that 6 out of 10 students who participated in ergonomic study conducted, having chronic back pain due to carrying heavy backpacks (Iyer, 2001). In the last few many years, lots of risk factors have been determined as the cause of back pain in children however, school backpack was not included until