The Caribbean woman’s search for identity has been a long and arduous journey, not only is she disadvantaged by a community that faces the same struggle and unanswered questions, but also by her gender in respect to her male counterparts and her being given a ‘lesser’ role within society . Caribbean Feminist Scholars such as Hilary Beckles, Varene Shepard and Dr. Lucille Mathurin Mair have strived to give a face to this invisible group through their substantial research in the fields of Gender and History. Mair was an Author, Diplomat and Pioneer in the fields of History and Women and Gender Studies. Mair’s ground breaking research A Historical Study of Women In Jamaica 1655-1844 has been recognized as the “most sought after unpublished work …show more content…
She wrote of the white woman’s privileged existence, of the black woman’s struggles and position as the laborer and lastly, of the mulatto woman who was placed between both worlds; the concubine and mistress of the white man, viewed as better than the black slave females but never attaining the status that was reserved for whiteness. Mair shattered the ‘maleness’ of history, brining from the darkness the women who were hidden behind their male counterparts, showing the world that they too played an active part in the emancipation and justification. The History of the Caribbean (more specifically Jamaica) has never been the same since the emergence of Mair’s work, as the work used was crucial in refuting of generalizations as it pertains to the invisibility of women in the historical …show more content…
Her decision to delve into the lives and experiences of these Jamaican women have shown that there was indeed a lot left to be desired within the historical texts throughout the years. These women who were lumped into one invisible group and filed away by previous historians as submissive and passive, were proven by Mair to be as crucial to the revolution and the emancipation of Jamaica as their better known male counterparts. In looking at these women based on their class and race and the experiences afforded to each created by their varying differences, Mair’s gendered research not only opened a whole new world pertaining to the study of the Caribbean slave societies, but also gave a voice to the voiceless and a face to the faceless. Who better to tell the story of oppression, labor and struggle than the women who experienced it
In the article The Politics of Black Women’s Studies by Akasha Hull and Barbara Smith, Hull and Smith studiously literate the politics and controversy around the fundamentals of black women’s studies in the past and modern day. Furthermore, the ideology of the article falls under the premise that racism and prejudice are still current and prominent factors that affect the development of black women’s studies in the way it is taught in universities, and the role it takes upon the lives of black women. To begin, it is evident that the premise of the article is solely based on the pros and cons that derive from black women attempting to exist in a white man’s world by making a name for themselves in society. Hull and Smith state that “the necessity
This book overall is effective on establishing how hard it was to begin a life on the island, how plantations developed and how the slaves were treated. The novel describes how hard it was to go to the island of Barbados and start a new life. Andrea Stuart’s ancestor George Ashby arrived from England on a ship to Barbados. She describes the journey as a hard one because
Mary Renda is foremost a professor and historian/academic, as well as author and activist. Renda’s received her B.A. at Brown University and at Yale University she received her Ph.D., M.Phil., and M.A. She primarily studies and focuses her work on United States history and is more specifically interested in American women’s history and African American women’s history; as well as United States imperialism. Renda is currently a professor of history at Mount Holyoke College where she teaches courses in World War II at Home and Abroad, U.S. Women’s History since 1890, interdisciplinary women’s studies courses, and Race, Gender, and Empire. Her teaching focuses on the cross-sections of women and gender, multicultural nature of U.S. history, and international contexts in which history take place.
This chapter addresses the central argument that African history and the lives of Africans are often dismissed. For example, the author underlines that approximately 50,000 African captives were taken to the Dutch Caribbean while 1,600,000 were sent to the French Caribbean. In addition, Painter provides excerpts from the memoirs of ex-slaves, Equiano and Ayuba in which they recount their personal experience as slaves. This is important because the author carefully presents the topic of slaves as not just numbers, but as individual people. In contrast, in my high school’s world history class, I can profoundly recall reading an excerpt from a European man in the early colonialism period which described his experience when he first encountered the African people.
Michelle Cliff’s short story Down the Shore conspicuously deals with a particularly personal and specific, deeply psychological experience, in order to ultimately sub-textually create a metaphor regarding a wider issue of highly social nature. More specifically, the development of the inter-dependent themes of trauma, exploitation, as well as female vulnerability, which all in the case in question pertain to one single character, also latently extend over to the wider social issue of colonialism and its entailing negative repercussions, in this case as it applies to the Caribbean and the British Empire. The story’s explicit personal factor is developed through the literary techniques of repetition, symbolism, metaphor, as well as slightly warped albeit telling references to a distinct emotional state, while its implicit social factor is suggested via the techniques of allusion, so as to ultimately create a generally greater, undergirding metaphor.
It is impossible to discuss gender and the influences it has on one livelihood without acknowledging the other aspects of one’s identity. Other aspects such as race, class, and sexuality in combination with will always play a major role in one’s life choices and the way they are perceived by others. The term intersectionality as stated by Susanne Hochreiter offers a way to understand the multiple grounds of identity when considering how the social world is constructed. Intersectionality explains why gender cannot be in isolation from other inequalities in the social world. As a black Haitian woman raised in America, it is clear to see that my identity occupies several spheres.
To be a woman of color, took bravery along with containing the characteristic grace and patience. A woman who was dark skinned, and obtained harsh conditions without an explanation forced to their will, putting their life in jeopardy without a flinch was a Saint. A Saint of creation for an artistic lifestyle, with all the above characteristics of being a heroine for the future. “Black women whose spiritually was so intense, so deep, so unconscious, that they were themselves unaware of the richness they had”, expressed poet Jean Toomer with that discovery of walking the south in the twenties. A time in American History, in which makes me disgusted to know the land we stand on uprose with slavery.
Historically, black women do not conform to the dominant discourse in education, similarly, Gilroy argues that black struggles for educational opportunities are a ‘resistance to domination’. Despite Hortense’s previous education in Jamaica, she is considered inferior in London, due to the fact she cannot prosper or obtain a job due to the racial attitudes which were prevalent in 1950’s
She achieves her aim in highlighting that the prohibitive laws which reduce people like her to mere sexual bodies is a psycho-social remnant of the colonial past. She addresses a number of audiences within the piece, including the human rights community, the governments of both her native Trinidad and Tobago and The Bahamas, and by extension all citizens of the Caribbean and wider world who have been disenfranchised by laws that diminish their humanity and highlight their perceived iniquity. The implication of her essay is clear: if not just any body can be a citizen, the democracy which we have set up is in need of some adjustment. It relates to us because it reminds us that for every time we deny any body rights, we have failed to live up to the principles on which are postcolonial societies are supposed to be
The effects of colonialism are intergenerational, this story exposes the raw feelings of victims of colonization and the internalization of racist ideologies that often occurs as a result of Caribbean history being wrongly painted. Conforming to the standards of society is often easier than bearing the challenges associated with being an outlier; however, conformity leads to resentment and hatred. Cynthia chooses to conform to society's standards of white supremacy, which results in her discarding her own body for the figure of a white woman. Unfortunately, Cynthia begins to form a deep hatred for herself and her culture which her parents and strangers are subjected to.
In the short story “Blackness” by Jamaica Kincaid, the narrator’s consciousness develops through a process of realization that she does not have to choose between the culture imposed on her and her authentic heritage. First, the narrator explains the metaphor “blackness” for the colonization her country that fills her own being and eventually becomes one with it. Unaware of her own nature, in isolation she is “all purpose and industry… as if [she] were the single survivor of a species” (472). Describing the annihilation of her culture, the narrator shows how “blackness” replaced her own culture with the ideology of the colonizers.
Race relations within the revolutionary Caribbean complicated the Twentieth Century, leaving questions of freedom and nationalism open to interpretation. In A Nation for All, Alejandro De La Fuente examines various meanings of race within post-Spanish Cuba, Batista’s Cuba, and socialist Cuba, and how racial tensions aligned with revolutionary ideas. Rather than simply adopting a chronological organization of events, Alejandro De La Fuente gains the reader’s attention by utilizing a thematic scheme. The idea of an inequality, masked by revolutionary, egalitarian rhetoric, remains central to each thematic division. De La Fuente’s work serves to undermine the elitist pretense of equality in Twentieth Century Cuba and expose the long-term effects
This story in its universality usually negates the women’s experience, Pérez argues that through the deconstruction of the historiography at play, history can be posed through a feminist lense, which includes rather than negates the perspectives, views, and adversities of women throughout history. Within her argument she also poses several sub arguments aimed at forcing the reader to think outside of the basic lines that surround Chicano/a history. She argues that the use of binaries can no longer be used as modes to determine whether or not someone is a friend or an enemy. She also argues that society has yet to reach a post colonial era based on the simple fact that in order to become a post colonial society, there was be a decolonization of the object, in this case women, to become the decolonial subject. This Pérez states will finally allow society to enter
Jamaica Kincaid 's A Small Place examines the historical/social context of how Antiguans dealt racism through slavery after an oppressive European colonization. Kincaid reveals that European colonization resulted in Antigua dealing with injustice such as corruption and poverty. She argues Europeans and Americans traveling to Antigua are focused on the beautiful scenery, which is not a correct representation of the day to day lives of Antiguans. Although racism has many negative effects, Kincaid seemed to state the benefits of Europeans’ colonialism and how it contributed to her life such by introducing the English language and the library that helped her to become a writer. Kincaid states that we “cannot get over the past, cannot forgive and cannot forget” (26); therefore, Kincaid feels that the past influences the present.
Her tragedy reflects not only the sexism in the African American families in early 20th century, but also the uselessness