Mammalian Heart Dissection Lab Report

Perfusion : Perfusion is the process of a body delivering blood to a capillary bed in itsbiological tissue. The word is derived from the French verb "perfuser" meaning to "pour over or through"[3]. Tests verifying that adequate perfusion exists are a part of a patient's assessment process that are performed by medical or emergency personnel. The most common methods include evaluating a body's skin color, temperature, condition and capillary refill. Perfusionists employ artificial blood pumps to propel open-heart surgery patients' blood through their body tissue, replacing the function of the heart while the cardiac surgeon operates.

A blockage in the coronary artery causes a heart attack. The heartbeat is controlled by the pacemaker, situated in the walls of the right atrium. It starts a wave of muscular contraction through the heart from atria to

The index finger can pass though the transverse sinus, which helps surgeons to identify the blood vessels of the heart during coronary artery bypass surgery. Oblique sinus is formed by reflection of the pericardial membranes onto the pulmonary veins. It is bounded by the inferior vena cava and by the right pulmonary veins on one side and the left pulmonary veins on the other. Functions of the Pericardium The pericardium is known to have some specific functions: • Tethering: pericardium holds the heart in place within the cardiac

These receive blood directly from the heart. These are the Aorta and the pulmonary artery. The Aorta transports blood from the heart to the rest of the body tissues, whereas the pulmonary artery transports blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs. The arteries need to be elastic because the diameter is small compared to the actual size of the artery. When the heart contracts and pours blood in these arteries, the walls need to stretch to house the blood.

QRS complex indicates ventricular depolarization.ST segment shows the time between ventricular depolarization and the starting of repolarisation. And the T wave shows the ventricular repolarisation. For detecting the heart rate QRS complex detection is necessary. Among all the waves in the signal the QRS complex has higher

The cell’s secretion help on lubricating the heart, preventing heart friction with its surrounding organs during contractions, holding the heart inside the chest and maintaining a hollow space for the heart to expand into when it is full of blood. 1.1.2 Structure of the heart wall The heart wall is composed of 3 layers (figure 3): • Epicardium: As mentioned before, the epicardium is at the same time the outermost layer of the heart wall and the inner wall of the pericardium (visceral layer). It protects and lubricates the

What stimulates the production of this hormone? What effect does it have on the kidneys? (3 marks) The atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) hormone is produced in specialized myocardial cells primarily n the atria of the heart (Silverthorn et al., 2013). Natriuretic peptides are released by the heart when increased blood volume causes increased atrial stretch (Silverthorn et al., 2013). At the systemic level, ANP enhances sodium and water excretion to decrease blood volume.

This oxygen-rich blood then enters the left atrium and is pumped into the left ventricle, which pumps blood through the aorta to all the organs and tissues of the body” (Blaser). That is the structure of the heart, and that so happens to be the most important organ in an organism’s body. The heart helps people get oxygen, keep the organs alive, and it keeps us alive. If this major organ fails and has problems, them that will be really bad. Although There are other major problems in the health world, cardiac problems should be prioritized by doctors.

The global left ventricular sphericity index: Ventricular size and shape are the two geometric aspects that change in dilated hearts. The quantitative anatomic observations of Lindbach, in 1960 described the consistent finding of a more spherical shape within the expanded size of the abnormal geometry of remodeled ventricle [75]. This concept of increased sphericity has led to the development of the sphericity index, as a way to quantify the abnormal geometric changes that accompany heart failure in dilated failing left ventricles. A heamodynamically significant PDA is associated with volume overload and LV remodeling. Left ventricular (LV) remodeling manifests as an increase in LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes, an increase in myocardial

CO2 is then expelled and O2 enters the bloodstream, from there the re-oxygenated blood flows into organs and tissues expelling CO2 from and replacing it with oxygen. The blood finally pumps back to the atrium where the process begins again. (University of Waikato) (See fig.5 ) In humans, blood enters the heart from the posterior and anterior veins vena cava which carries de-oxygenated blood from parts of the body into the right atrium. From the right atrium the blood flows into the right ventricle and through the tricuspid valve which shuts when the ventricle is full. The blood exits the heart through the pulmonic valve, into the pulmonary artery and then into the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

Retrieved July 18, 2016, from https://depts.washington.edu/bioethx/topics/spirit.html Oliver, M., Woywodt, A., Ahm, A., & Saif, I. (2010, May 23). Organ donation, transplantation and religion. Retrieved July 18, 2016, from Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation: