1. What type of shock is John exhibiting signs of? [1 mark] Give a rationale for your answer and relate this to four [4] of John’s clinical symptoms and observations. [4 marks for clinical symptoms & 4 marks for observations] The type of shock John is exhibiting is cardiogenic shock. This type of shock occurs when the heart is unable to pump blood effectively. This is evident to patients who have had myocardial infarction, such as John’s case. In this illness, the heart has decreased contractility resulting to decreased cardiac output. Such decrease will stimulate the sympathetic nervous system to activate the compensatory mechanism by increasing the heart rate as evident in John’s vital sign to increase the peripheral pressure and ventricular …show more content…
Because of this inability to contract effectively, the rest of the vital organs receive inadequate amount of blood resulting to inadequate tissue perfusion. There are two types of left-sided HF; systolic and diastolic failure. Systolic failure happens when the left ventricle doesn’t have the enough energy to pump normally the blood to the general circulation. As for diastolic failure, the left ventricle loses the ability to fill itself with blood during resting period resulting to inadequate amount of blood to be pumped out to the circulation (Weinrauch, 2008). The diastolic dysfunction will eventually lead to right-sided heart failure. Pulmonary edema or congestion happens when the left ventricle of the heart fails. This is simply because the inefficiency of its ventricle to pump effectively causes the blood to back up to the pulmonary capillaries as the pulmonary venous blood rises its pressure into the tissues and alveoli impairing the gas exchange. Pulmonary congestion will be manifested in crackles, difficulty of breathing, frothy pink-tinged sputum and shortness of breath. In addition, the decreased amount of blood ejected from the left side causes ineffective tissue perfusion. This is detrimental to other vital organs such as the kidneys. The low amount of blood delivered to the kidneys causes inadequate renal perfusion. When this happens, renin is released to secrete aldosterone, a vasoconstrictor that promotes sodium and fluid retention. Aldosterone increases the preload to increase the systolic volume (Moreau, 2006). However, this is counterproductive in the long run because an increase in the preload will wear out the heart by working double time as well as increasing lung congestion. The heart failure causes multiple organ failure in chronic conditions such as altered digestion, decreased brain perfusion
This allow desaturated blood to shunt right to left side, causing desaturation in the left side of the heart and in the systemic circulation causing hypoxia and cyanosis. PULMONARY ATRESIA / PULMONARY STENOSIS Pulmonary Stenosis is the narrowing at the entrance to the pulmonary artery causing right ventricular hypertrophy. Pulmonary Atresia is the severe form of pulmonary stenosis.
Assessment 2 Short Essay Question -01 Discuss Mr. Ronald bates systemic assessment and priorities of management Mr. Ronald bates presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath (Respiratory rate- 24 breaths/min) and general discomfort (pain score- 4/10) and it was started in the morning and worsens when doing activities. The above presenting complaints lead to a possible cardiac event, so that this presentation would be triaged as category 2. Therefore, medical officer would be notified regrading patient presentation and put Mr. bates to semi fowler’s position in the Emergency bed if this position is comfortable for him. Further primary systemic assessment of the patient starts with an order with an assessment of
4.1. Vasovagal Causes. 4.2. Orthostatic hypotension. 4.3.
He is going into shock. He leans over, head on his knees, and brings up an incredible quantity of blood from his stomach and spills it onto the floor with a gasping groan. ”(Preston 23-24). This caused a lot of suspense in the story,
An ECG reading showed that Mr Collins had developed sinus tachycardia. He was anxious, and tachypnoea. Peripheral pulses (except the brachial pulse) were absent. Capillary refill time was 7-8 seconds. Mr Collins’ skin was cool and clammy.
Another instance of shock being referred to as a killer was when John was writing letters to Mina from the Count’s castle early on in the story. When John was contemplating telling Mina about his terrible situation of being trapped in the Count’s castle, he states: “It would shock and frighten her to death were I to expose my heart to her. Should the letters not carry, then the Count shall not yet know my secret or the extent of my knowledge…”(Stoker 61). John’s concern for the perfectly healthy Mina seems overprotective; however, it was common belief that a simple shock of the nerves could kill anyone, especially a woman. This kind of death by shock was actually realized in Machen, when we look at the case of Herbert, Helen’s ex-husband.
The third thing i learned was the progression of shock. When checking for shock, shock itself can not be seen, but the signs and symptoms can be. Such as, blood loss, which is called compensated shock. Decompesated shock, is the last step, and that is when the blood pressure drops and after that, there 's not much you can do. Because after that shock is terminal which means there is no saving someone 's life.
The basic study consisted of a subject who was asked to read off a test to a test taker in another room. Before the experiment, it is mentioned that the test taker has a heart condition. If the test taker got a question wrong, the subject was told to shock the test taker. Each wrong answer caused the amplitude of shocks to increase. At a certain point in the test, the test taker would start to scream.
Description There are three stages of shock: Stage I (also called compensated, or nonprogressive), Stage II (also called decompensated or progressive), and Stage III (also called irreversible). In Stage I of shock, when low blood flow (perfusion) is first detected, a number of systems are activated in order to maintain/restore perfusion. The result is that the heart beats faster, the blood vessels throughout the body become slightly smaller in diameter, and the kidney works
The shock levels range from 15 to 450, and over time the learners would complain about the shock waves being administered to them. Finally, learners screamed loudly about having heart pain and refuse to answer any questions, and teachers were informed
Bernardo Creamer Mr. Holland Intro. to Psychology September 27 2015 Shock Therapy and LSD for Kids There have been dark periods for all of us. Psychology especially, has suffered a great deal of very dark, cruel periods. Either due to ignorance, common belief or many other vacuous reasons, psychology has been the root of an extremely high number of unethical, morally corrupt investigations and experiments.
In other words, the increase in stroke volume occurs as a result of improved ventricular force of contraction. Heterometric and homeometric control governs myocardial force of contraction. While homeometric control is independent of the myocardial fibres length at the end of diastole, heterometric control depends on this length of myocardial fibres at the diastole end and is mainly influenced by the venous return (Agarwal et al. CC06). The respiratory pump, as well as venoconstriction skeletal muscle pump, influences the rise in venous return during physical activity.
John notices that when he is resting, his heart rate is lower than when he is active. This is the parasympathetic nervous system at work it is conserving his energy. Sympathetic nervous
The many forms of shock can be seen in the books faced by those who both acted in and witnessed these traumatic experiences. After the car accident, “Wilson neither heard nor saw. His eyes would drop slowly from the swinging light to the laden table by the wall, and then jerk back to the light again, and he gave out incessantly his high, horrible call” (Fitzgerald 138). Wilson couldn’t process the murder of his wife and his body didn’t know how to cope. He looks all over, cries out, and phases out because the things he saw were so morbid and traumatic he couldn’t process it all.
Question 4: Chapter 1 “Overview of Crisis Intervention”, page 14 Everyone experiences trauma differently, which can cause a spectrum of reactions to traumatic events. (For each case study, please classify which type of response is experienced: behavioral, physical, spiritual, emotional, or cognitive, response). A Recently, Jillian returned from a long weekend trip with her college friends. When she arrived home, she noticed that the door to her apartment slightly cracked open.