Is the Search in R. v. Polesky Reasonable? On an episode of Law and Order, Mr. Polesky was tried for second degree murder based on the captivation of a murder weapon found under the mattress he sleeps on in Central Park. Section 8 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms states that: “everyone has the right to be secured against unreasonable search or seizure”. Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms Schedule B, Constitution Act, 1982, s. 8 [Charter] Although the search that revealed the murder weapon and proved Polesky’s involvement in the murder was done without a warrant, if it can be proven that the individual does not have a reasonable expectation of privacy, the police do not need to obtain a warrant to search. This means that …show more content…
v. Edwards (2009) Based on Canadian laws and jurisprudence it is evident that although the officers did not have a warrant, the search was still reasonable because of Polesky’s diminished expectation of privacy in the park and because of the danger the case poses on society. Mr. Polesky chose to create his sleeping set-up in the middle of one of the busiest parks in New York City, where many people walk and explore every day. It is obvious that a person has the lowest expectation of privacy in public places such as parks because not being allowed to search these areas for danger hazards, poses a risk to the entire society. While the opposition may argue that the cardboard box and mattress in the middle of the park was Mr. Polesky’s home, it does not meet the legal requirements to have a reasonable expectation of privacy because he does not own the land and cannot control who can walk in and out of it. In R. v Edwards a similar situation arose, in which the accused did not have a reasonable …show more content…
v. Polesky, assuming that s. 8 of the Charter was determined to be unreasonable, the seriousness of the Charter- infringing state conduct is very minimal. It is evident that the officers did not intend to infringe Polesky’s rights guaranteed in the Charter because they sincerely thought that they did not need a warrant to search public property. This was evident when analyzing the officers reaction after finding out that the accused claimed his rights were violated by searching without a warrant. The officers intentions were to merely act in good faith out of their concern for society that a murderer could potentially be on the loose. Their goal was to only find the murder weapon to uncover the truth in the case, not to look through any of his personal items. Due to the fact that the officers did not deliberately infringe upon Polesky’s rights and did not understand how searching public property would be considered unlawful, the seriousness of the infringement is on the low end of the
In this case Kyllo v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled against the vitric of the lower courts on a 5 to 4 vote. The questions that need to be answered in this case, in my opinion serve a bigger purpose then the case at hand. The case itself is about a man named Danny Kyllo who was growing marijuana plants inside his home illegally. An officer of the U.S Interior Department got a tip that this man was illegally growing plants inside his home and went to investigate this. Obviously a tip from an unknown is not enough information to get a warrant to search the man’s property.
This applies to Sam Wardlow’s situation in which evidence was founded illegally without a proper search warrant. Also, the weapon that was found in Sam’s bag does not relate to any prior crime that may connect him to. This is not in anyway, allowed for officer Nolan to have even stopped Mr.Wardlow. Possibly, if Sam was connected to a crime beforehand and if the officers did have a proper search warrant. Then there is no way Sam’s rights were violated.
Significance: The Supreme Court here expresses that governmental conduct like drug dog sniffing that can reveal whether a substance is contraband, yet no other private fact, does not compromise any privacy interest, and therefore is not a search subject to the Fourth Amendment. Terry v. Ohio permits only brief investigative stops and extremely limited searches based on reasonable suspicion including seizures of property independent of the seizure of the
v. Clayton, held that the police officers did not infringe Mr. Clayton and Mr. Farmer’s rights under ss. 8 and ss. 9 of the Charter as their unusual behaviour gave the officer reasonable grounds to conduct a pat down search. This case is significant to us for various reasons. First of all this case shows us the circumstances, when a police officer has the right to detain an individual without a search warrant.
Expected privacy means the government should have had to have a search warrant. There are two main reasons why the Government needed a search warrant in the DLK case and the other is that he has expected
This violated his fourth and fourteen Amendment rights. The courts made impermissible Use of the testimony even if law enforcement had reasonable suspicion. Rule of law: An individual cannot be brought to a police station and fingerprinted without probable cause or a warrant. The courts compared the cases of Davis v. Mississippi, 394 U.S. 721. (Investigatory detentions).
Almost a decade ago, Antoine Jones was tried, convicted, and given a life sentence for operating a drug trade. Of course, his possession of illegal drugs and involvement in the selling of illegal drugs is enough for his conviction, but Jones argues that the police secured evidence unconstitutionally. When the police first started observing Jones on suspicions of his participation in the drug trade, they fastened a hidden GPS device on his car, in order to track Jones to a so-called “stash house,” although they did not procure a warrant to use the device. The police were able to successfully apprehend Jones based on evidence procured from the GPS. Citing the Fourth Amendment of the US Constitution, Jones took his case to the Supreme Court.
The police violated Wolf’s rights and since there was no warrant for arrest or warrant to search his office the police was trespassing. The police officer who violated his rights was to be punished by his superiors. The judges decided that using such evidence goes completely against the Fourth Amendment which is a basic need to our freedom. States should follow this law but are not directly forced to. States using evidence that should be excluded in their “statute becomes a form, and its protection an illusion,”(Wolf v Colorado, 1949).
These actions did not go by what was established by an earlier, similar case, and by performing the scan with no warrant, the government did not allow DLK to conduct private activities in his own home. Although some argue that the government’s actions were acceptable because they only scanned what was visible to the public, they still used a device not readily available to the public to see inside DLK’s home. The government’s actions were unacceptable, and a warrant should have been obtained prior to performing the search in order to make it
Introduction The people of Skokie, Illinois are in an outrage after receiving news that the ACLU and the Illinois Supreme Court determined that the National Socialist Party of America is protected by the First Amendment. The NSPA is becoming more hated everyday as the people of Skokie are becoming more frustrated for the rights given to these Neo-Nazis. Most people in the Skokie population are people who were directly involved or had relatives in the World War Two. The NSPA is using the First Amendment to protect their act to march in Marquette Park.
Case: New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985) Facts: A high school freshman (T.L.O) had her purse searched by the Assistant Vice Principal at her school because a teacher found her and another student smoking in the lavatory. The Assistant Vice Principal uncovered cigarettes and marijuana. Procedural history: T.L.O. motioned to suppress the evidence because her Fourth Amendment rights were violated and was denied by the Juvenile Court stating the search was reasonable. The Appellate Division of the New Jersey Superior Court agreed there was no violation of the Fourth Amendment. The New Jersey Supreme Court reversed the decision stating the search was unreasonable.
The Fourth Amendment clearly states that the police must have a warrant to search a someone’s home and personal belongings. Though the police had probable cause, the murder they intended to find could not be located in Mr. Dexter’s car. The police and investigators searched Mr. Dexter’s car without obtaining a search warrant because they did not have enough time to get one. In the car they found a gun that did not relate to the
Thus, evidence gathered without probable cause can't be used against a person. This concept is called The Exclusionary Rule. The courts have applied this rule to denying evidence attained illegally, as stated, (Vile,2010,p.144)," It prohibited prosecutors from introducing evidence at trials that
Use of force is the amount of force used in a given situation during police work. The police are supposed to follow the continuum when it come to using force. This continuum is known as the “Use of Force Continuum”. Despite this, use of force is still a constant problem in policing. There are many cases where a cop are sued for using more force than necessary, sometimes on purpose and sometimes by accident.
The following essay will outline the variances of two case” Illinois v. Gates and Spinelli v. United States. It will discuss the Supreme Court requires to establish probable cause for a warrant. Illinois v. Gates In Illinois v. Gates, law enforcement received a letter (that was anonymous) stating that the Gate family was in the drug transporting business, and operating between the states of Florida and Illinois. Upon investigation, law enforcement discovered that Gates had made the purchase of an Air Line ticket, traveling to Florida.