Enchiridion Epictetus: The Existence Of Free Will

Looking at the history of reflection on free will, it can be noticed that such concept was not known in the Ancient Greece. Albeit, Aristotle has shyly discussed about a concept of ‘’choice’’ (proairesis), however it is poorly connected with actual acts, let alone the power of free will. It can be argued that the Greek stoics somehow recognised the possible existence of free will, since they greatly attributed the necessity of defending our inner beliefs and morals, so that the human shall not inherently delve into seeking desires, not worry about them, as well as ignore the circumstances that are not dependant on us. Thus, stoicism attributed to the individual the necessity of being free from all external influences and defending their personal inner sentiments. The development of the concept of free will can be directly attributed and traced back to the late Roman stoicism, especially during the time of Epictetus, whose philosophical teachings and views were written down by one of his students. These are known today as ‘Enchiridion Epictetus’ and ‘Diatribe’.
Epictetus, according to stoicistic views, claimed that man should only care about only the acts dependant of his will and remain indifferent to everything that is not a result of his free will. Therefore, it is required to nurture and protect your free will, temper it, expand it- and treat it as a part of your

Mutually, contradictory results of neurological tests can not be regarded as allegedly scientific confirmation of existence and/or the lack of free will. Neither premise should not be underestimated, but even complexity and the mysteriousness of our brains gives rise to scepticism and uncertainty as it remains