Braverman's Deskilling Concept Summary

Braverman’s deskilling concept

According to Attewell (1987) Braverman starts with an argument that was made by Marx (1967), which stated that employees sell only their ability to work. Management must ensure that this ability is turned into work performed by the employees which will lead to profitability. Additionally, Braverman takes into consideration three implications that result from the argument made by Marx. Firstly, Adam Smith (1970) makes an argument about how managers can increase productivity by dividing work so that employees can perform different work activities at the same time. Braverman (1974) does not agree with the theory of division of labour as proposed by Adam Smith and argues that the efficiency gains explained by Smith

This form of knowledge does not distinguishlimitations based on nationhood, religion and ethnicity that is why is it said to have encouraged globalization. The second factor is capitalism, which is a methodused to organizeeconomic activities that will result in making a profit and this phase of capitalism is regarded as the main force behind globalization. The constant concern to build up a surplus or fail constrains capital to look for out cheaper production sites and new markets for their products, which in realistic terms means the world. The third factor is technology which is the application of knowledge, in general scientific knowledge, to solve practical problems. Technological innovations in production and transportation were important during the early modern phase of globalization, whereas technological innovations in information and communication were important during the late modern phase of globalization. The fourth factor is the regulation and it refers to the politico-framework that provides the rules and procedures which manage global relationships which globalization could not develop (Edgell,

This definition also includes workers that are self employed and home workers however it does not include informal wage of workers who are within the formal, registered businesses. Additionally informal businesses deal with legal goods and services and the way in which the business is operated is legal, which everything is done by the book.

However, the international labour organization has changed the definition of the informal sector so that it includes both the self-employment in informal ventures and employment that is paid for in informal jobs. This definition suggests a wide approach that recognizes the informal market in its relations to the formal market rather than a strict division between formal and informal. Furthermore, this analysis looks at informal employment as to having of lack of job security, access to social benefits and social protection (Pillay,