Sypharochiton pelliserpentis S. pelliserpentis has a dorsal shell that is made up of eight shell parts known as valves. These eight valves are bound together by a girdle which is strong and flexible and circles the valves. This particular species of chiton has its plate overlapping to resemble snake’s skin, thus, being colloquially referred to as the snakeskin chiton. The valves of S. pelliserpentis are very hard and allows the chiton to lay flat against a rocky surface. S. pelliserpentis has many miniscule holes in their valves which have delicate tentacles that can be extracted and are light sensitive. The gills are found under their shell on either side of the foot. Like C. denticulata, S. pelliserpentis has a toothed radula that is used …show more content…
pelliserpentis has a muscular padded foot like that of C. denticulata. This allows the snakeskin chiton to latch on firmly to any rocky substrate. This enables S. pelliserpentis to stick so well that it could not be dislodged without being damaged. The ability to fixate themselves onto rocky prevents mechanical stress due to wave action at mid to low tide, allowing them to be found in heavy surf areas. S. pelliserpentis also curls into a ball as a defence against predators. The eight valves that are found on S. pelliserpentis overlap to be flat, and because this species is found in rough surf, the flat shells reduce water resistance, and also allow S. pelliserpentis to crawl into crevices to avoid damage due to wave action and limit exposure …show more content…
pelliserpentis is also a mollusc and a primary consumer in the intertidal zone. This species of chiton is smaller in size compared to C. denticulata having an average length of 46mm and width of 20mm. This often causes S. pelliserpentis to be physically ‘bullied’ out of the rocky substrate on which they live as they are significantly smaller. Because of this, S. pelliserpentis is commonly found under rocks and in crevices during summer where their population is less than C. denticulata. Snakeskin chitons are slow growing but are long living, having a minimum average life expectancy of 3 years. S. pelliserpentis reproduces much slower than denticulate limpets, and so not have a seasonal spawning period, but reproduce slowly all year. As a mollusc, S. pelliserpentis is a primary consumer in the littoral shore; however, because of their minute population to C. denticulata, this species has very little effect on algae growth. Due to interspecific competition with C. denticulata, S. pelliserpentis’ realised niche is narrower, and more focused at low
Abstract: The main focus of this lab is on animal behaviors in terrestial isopods, also known as pillbugs. There are many purposes to this lab experiment. First, these pillbugs are put into four different types of enviroments, also known as chambers, light v. dark, hot vs. cold, moisture vs. dry, and lastly shelter vs. open. In these different chambers, there are 10 pillbugs, 5 placed into each individual chamber and then observed for up to 5 – 10 minutes. In this lab we observed that pillbugs prefer light areas, hot temperatures, moist environments, and lastly sheltered spaces.
The experiment consisted of two sub-experiments that when synthesized together, successfully answered our main question. The first of the two sub-experiments focused on collecting data for the creation of a life table in which Daphnia magna were not in the presence of a predator such as Lepomis macrochirus, known in laymen’s terms as bluegill fish. The second of the two sub-experiments focused on collecting data for the creation of a life table as well, but this time the daphnia were subjected to an environment where bluegill fish were present. The collection of the data for the creation of the first lifetable without predation consisted of fourteen replicates or daphnia starting at age 3 and ending at varying ages depending on the mortality of each replicate group.
Daphnia magna is a transparent water flea species found in rocky pools along the Atlantic Ocean. The Daphnia’s body is encased in a clear structure called carapace (Elenbaas, 2013). The exoskeleton, carapace, provides protection for the Daphnia magna, “The portion of the hard exoskeleton, or shell, that covers all or part of the body of many crustaceans…” (“Definition, n.d.). The heart can be easily seen under a light microscope due to the transparency of the skin (Handy, 2012).
Even though they are closely related to crustaceans, their bodies are particularly similar to crab and other sea creature with shells. The isopods have three distinct regions such as the head, thorax and abdomen (CISEO). Their characteristic as for what they look like is their claws attached to their abdomen. Also, they have a pair of antennae, simply small eyes and seven pairs of appendages connected to their segmented thoracic region.
70 common limpets were identified in the 40m bracket identified as the littoral zone, between 0m to 40m. The common limpet employs a range of adaptations to survive the abiotic and biotic conditions associated with the littoral zone. Firstly, the limpet uses a structural adaptation to overcome the harsh wave action in the tidal zone, by using their radula to grip on to imperfections in the rock. Furthermore, they employ a behavioural adaptation of grinding their shells down into the rock, to further ensure they are not swept away by the tide. Additionally, the limpet utilises a behavioural adaptation regarding its tough shell and powerful radula, to defend against predators.
franciscana are found in variety of harsh environment worldwide (Clegg et al. 2001), it was hypothesized the brine shrimps would be able to resist to other abiotic environments. It was predicted that A. franciscana would equally distribute over all sections of different pH, temperature, and light. The results of this study and the work done by Hand (1998), supports the hypothesis that A. franciscana are able to develop adaptions that allow them to survive and remain dormant in many environmental conditions, and allow them to tolerate a range environmental conditions. These results are supported by our Chi-square test where the Chi-square value (X2=100(temp.), 19.90(pH), 109.1(light)) is much greater than the critical table value of 7.81. Also, the observed values are fairly close to the expected value suggests that habitat selection is equally preferred in all categories, suggesting A. franciscana as a generalist species.
These structures beat to produce a constant current of water, allowing particles to be filtered by fine setae on the thoracic legs. The particles are then transferred to their mouth groove to be ingested. D. magna typically feed on planktonic algae (Ebert, 2005). The following experiment uses algae to test what affects the feeding rate of D. magna. The rate of filtration
The northern snakehead preys on zooplankton, smaller fish, fish larvae, crustaceans, frogs, insects, small reptiles, and even small mammals and birds. In the areas in which the northern snakehead has invaded, native populations are having gradual decreases because of the northern snakehead’s unextinguishable appetite. The most notable features of the northern snakehead fish are its snake-like characteristics. The fish has a long cylindrical body with the blotchy coloration and patterns of a snake.
Loggerhead turtles are species generalists. Loggerheads compete with other carnivorous predators whose diets overlaps with theirs. For example, juvenile loggerheads and Kemp’s ridleys in waters around Long Island have substantial diet overlap. Interspecific competition also occurs for nest sites for beaches shared with other sea turtles species; however, this problem was likely greater in the past before modern turtle population declines. The diet of loggerheads includes many species that are harvested by humans and consequently decreases in food resources can result in sublethal effects in the form of decreased growth rates and reproductive output (Bjorndal 2003).
The Mediterranean Loggerhead Sea Turtles tend to nest in the eastern side of the the sea on the coasts of Greece, Cyprus, Israel, Turkey, and parts of northeast Libya and Egypt (Zbinden, Aebischer, Margaritoulis, Arlettaz, 2007). The female adult Loggerheads lay eggs on the beach (terrestrial ecosystem), preferably with coarse sand and a steep incline. The beaches tend to be wide with low dunes in the rear and flat sandy shorelines. However, this is a generalization. Detailed characteristics of the beaches can vary greatly between regions.
These turtles are often found in large groups basking in the sun on a partially submerged log or rock. Basking is needed for survival for these turtles because they are cold-blooded and basking allows them to regulate body temperature. Also while basking the sun helps get rid of parasitic leeches. During the night these turtle rest at the bottom of a pond usually because they are diurnal meaning: active during day. Painted turtle’s also
Background Research: Isopods are group of small, cold-blooded, crustaceans also known as pillbugs and sowbugs (pillbugs are commonly known as “roly polies”). Pillbugs are almost exactly like sowbugs, but differ because they can curl up into balls and are thicker than sowbugs (PNNL). Isopods are related to a few water crustaceans including crabs, crayfish, and shrimp, so water is necessary for them to survive. For that reason, they live in damp or wet areas such as forests and meadows. Isopods have seven armour plates, called “pereonites,” that serve as protection from predators and have seven pairs of legs.
Understanding the biology of lobster is imperative to ensuring that the resource is being managed appropriately, and it provides context for the v-notch measure. American lobster (Homarus americanus) live on rocky sea bottom cover, and range across the eastern seaboard from the Maritime Provinces of Canada to the Mid-Atlantic United States. In the United States, Maine’s lobster fishery is by far the most prevalent. Lobster fishing in Maine occurs year round – lobster are often found offshore in the colder months and closer to shore during the warmer summer months. Lobsters are long-lived crustaceans.
Sea turtles will be less likely to nest on beaches that have high human recreation or that have been altered by humans. Beaches that are near human development pose a threat to sea turtles, not just by human presence, but because artificial lights prevent hatchlings from being able to orient themselves toward the ocean (Lindsay 2003). Additionally, the possibility of adaptation poses some uncertainties. Loggerhead