Polysaccharide Essays

variables to help identify different macromolecules. Biological systems are made up of these four major macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are sugar molecules (monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides) which make them the most abundant macromolecule on the earth. Lipids (oils and fats, phospholipids and steroids) are insoluble in water and perform many functions such as energy source, essential nutrients, hormones and insulators (Lehman, 1955)

one carbon atom, two hydrogen atoms, and one oxygen atom. are made of simple sugars, and are put into three categories. These categories are monosaccharides, which are made of one sugar molecule, disaccharides, made of two sugar molecules, and polysaccharides, made of more than two sugar molecules. Lipids are made of triglycerides, molecules made of one glycerol, and three fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds in their molecular structure, and unsaturated fatty acids include double

Sypharochiton pelliserpentis S. pelliserpentis has a dorsal shell that is made up of eight shell parts known as valves. These eight valves are bound together by a girdle which is strong and flexible and circles the valves. This particular species of chiton has its plate overlapping to resemble snake’s skin, thus, being colloquially referred to as the snakeskin chiton. The valves of S. pelliserpentis are very hard and allows the chiton to lay flat against a rocky surface. S. pelliserpentis has many

Holiday baking season is almost here. Are you worried about not having an oven to bake with? Have you recently moved from a city home to a country cabin, and there is no more flick of the switch lights, no more thermostatic heat, and no oven to bake? Luckily, there is more than one way to make your favorite "baked" goods such as your cookies, biscuits, and brownies. However, the cake texture may not be similar to those you make in the oven. But it definitely turns out moist and good enough to gratify

Cell Respiration Lab Research Question What is the optimal temperature for germinating pea-seeds where the rate of respiration is the greatest? Background Information Cell Respiration refers to the biochemical process conducted by the cells of an organism that combines glucose and oxygen to produce energy in the form of ATP, along with two by-products, water and carbon dioxide. The equation representing this chemical reaction is shown below. C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP Although plants and

Trehalose is a bisacetal, non-reducing homo-disaccharide in which two glucose units are linked together via a α-1,1-glycosidic bond, often considered the gold standard for cryoprotection [92, 114]. It is commonly found amongst organisms capable of withstanding extreme drought and cold in nature e.g. water bear and yeast, whereas mammalian cells unfortunately lack the mechanism to synthesise trehalose endogenously [115]. The ability of trehalose to produce a better cyroprotective effect in terms of

Murder and a Meal: An Organic Compounds Lab Problem: Based on the contents of the victim's stomach, where did he eat his final meal? Background Information: A macromolecule is a molecule that contains a large number of atoms, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates or lipids. Macromolecules are formed by a process known as polymerization in which large compounds are built by the joining of smaller one together. The smaller units are known as monomers and monomers together form polymers

Eggless Chocolate Cupcakes - A recent addition to my pressure cooker baking list. To be more specific, I have made these eggless chocolate cupcakes in my pressure cooker without oven. You can follow the same recipe and bake in your oven. Eggless cupcakes I made my first frosting when I tried these egg free chocolate cupcakes. I was very happy with the results. There may be many of you who wants to make cupcakes in cooker for so many reasons. It is an awesome feeling to see the cupcakes beautifully

2. Experimental Part 2.1 Materials Starting deacetylated chitosans (Mws, 129.4 and 236.7 kDa) were prepared as described previously by Tiera et al. [27] from commercial chitosan (degree of deacetylation (DD) 86 %) purchased from Polymar (Fortaleza, Brazil). 2-Chloro-N,N-diethylethylamine hydrochloride (DEAE), folic acid, sodium acetate, acetic acid, dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC), N- hydroxylsuccinimide (NHS), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Aldrich Chemical Co. All solvents were reagent

6.3 Collaborative Practice According to the definition by WHO, collaborative practice is when several health-related workers from different background working together with patients, their families, caregivers, and community to provide the top quality of care14. Collaboration between pharmacists and other health care professionals can be from simple contact to the chief member of a multidisciplinary team. This practice amalgamates pharmacists into a healthcare team to improve patient outcome. In

in solutions such as glucose, sucrose, starch, and proteins as well as other common foods. These other common foods include oats, soda, gelatin, and apple juice. There are four classes of macromolecules such as monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides and proteins. Each of these can be found using different tests such as the Benedict’s test, the Iodine test, or the Biuret test. Although there is no specific test for disaccharides it can be determined if the original color has not changed. If

carbon skeleton works on the row material for synthesis of all different verities of small organic molecules. For example amino acids and fatty acids. Such sugar molecules that are not immediately used are incorporated into disaccharides and polysaccharides. Glucose which is a monosaccharide has a structure of rings. To form a glucose ring, carbon 1 bonds to the oxygen which is attached to carbon

Dionna Johnson~ Chapter 2 Paper Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, and they're the simplest form of sugar also. Monosaccharides are the main block of complex carbohydrates, such as disaccharides and polysaccharides. They appear in a crystal-like substance, and can dissolve in water. Molasses has a high content of the monosaccharides. Yogurt contains monosaccharide galactose, cherries contain monosaccharide fructose. Carbohydrates are molecules that consist of carbon, hydrogen

energy to convert it and can be directly used in the glycolysis cycle. This means that monosaccharides are more efficient at fermantion due to the fact that they are easily broken down into glucose. Thus, this would imply that sugars that have a polysaccharides structure are the least

Prokaryotic cells are different than eukaryotic cells in many ways. Prokaryotic cell means before the nucleus and eukaryotic cell means possessing a true nucleus, emphasizing that a prokaryotic cell doesn’t have a nucleus and a eukaryotic cell do. Other differences are the types of organelles. Prokaryotic cells have free floating D.N.A. and eukaryotic cells have it enclosed in the nucleus. Also prokaryotic cells have the ribosomes by themselves while eukaryotic cells usually are ether free or attached

Biosynthesis Pathway A biosynthesis pathway describes the steps that take place in a chemical reaction which occurs when living organisms create new molecule from simpler ones. The word "biosynthesis" comes from two words: "bio," which means that the reaction is occurring in living organism and "synthesis," which indicates that large products are made up by simpler molecules. To describe a pathway completely some compounds are involved which includes such as which enzymes, coenzymes and cofactors

blood cells seem to expand. Why does this natural phenomenon cause red blood cells to appear considerably bigger after being exposed to distilled water? We tested two theories of why this happens. Theorem one is that molecules such as protein and polysaccharides are more concentrated inside the cell than outside the cell when the cell is in distilled water. These molecules therefore begin to move outside of the cell because of the process of diffusion, but are blocked by the cell membrane. As a result

A disaccharide sugar is a sugar that is composed into two monosaccharides. In this type of sugar there are lactose, sucrose, and sucrose sugars that are included or have it.On the other hand there is also Polysaccharides. “Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrates molecules composed of long chains of monosaccharide units that are bonded together by glycosidic linkages and on hydrolysis give the constituent monosaccharides or oligosaccharides” according to Google. These are types of sugar categories

the inhibition of this enzyme can prevent the long chain formation and in turn prevent biofilm formation typical in dental caries. (Ito K. et al, 2011) [54]. A variety of -glucans polysaccharides such as dextran, mutan, alternan and reuteran are synthesized by glucansucrase. The difference between these polysaccharides lie in the predominant glycosidic linkages. Dextran contains (16) glycosidic bonds, mutan consists of (13) bonds, alternan contains alternating (13) and (16) bonds and reuteran is

small intestine. This inflammation damages the microvilli which interferes with the small intestine’s absorption activities. 18. Explain what polysaccharides are and provide an example of a polysaccharide. (max. 2 marks) A polysaccharide is a carbohydrate that consist of numerous sugar units, particularly ten or more sugar units. A few examples of polysaccharides include glycogen and starch. 19. Describe 3 potential health benefits of fibre consumption. (max. 3 marks) Fibre consumption is very beneficial