North Atlantic Treaty Organization affects the Western Hemisphere Seka3715 Western Hemispheric Security: IAS 5940-493 June 4, 2017 An interconnected world started developing after World War II by the expansion of international relationships that served as a purpose for protection. After WWII, the United States became more involved with European affairs. The concern for physical and political security required evaluation. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a great start to states creating alliances to benefit each other. NATO was developed by the United States, Canada, and several other Western European Nations who signed the treaty on April 4th, 1949 in Washington, D.C.
Criminal law prohibits and punishes the behaviors judged to be antisocial. Because each country’s laws are a mirror image of its values, there are often large differences among the national laws of different countries. Both with regard to the nature of the crimes themselves and the penalties considered suitable. The term ‘international criminal law’ refers variously to at least 3 different areas such as cooperation between diverse national legal systems through extradition and other types of mutual legal support, prohibition and punishment of certain behaviors’ by a number of countries acting cooperatively or by the international community as a whole and the operation of autonomous international legal systems, pertaining courts and other mechanisms of enforcement, that exist alongside with national criminal law .
The United Nations was created after the World War II with the assumption of saving the future generations from the lash of war. There are two more important objectives that were stated under the then United Nations charter; (1.) respecting the principles of human rights and self-determination of all people, and (2.) cooperation with the impending problems around the world. In addition, there are still states that don’t follow any of these.
Question 1 In ancient t times there was little scope for international law but the rise of nations in the middle ages made it necessary to have international law. This necessity arose out of the need to have rules on maritime navigation and rules respecting diplomatic officials. States began to find international lawlessness unbearable and soon adopted some form of international law. With the lack of a body to regulate international relations, most states looked at canon law and the Catholic Church for guidelines on international law. The desire for international law was catalyzed by international trade, which required merchants from one state to be protected against the activities of other merchants of another state.
The United Nations (UN) was established in June 1945, after World War II and the failure of the League of Nations, it was created to maintain peace and security. Representatives from 50 countries met in San Francisco at the United Nations Conference on International Organization to draw up the United Nations Charter. The UN now consist of 193 member states; states are admitted to membership in the UN by a decision of the General Assembly upon the recommendation of the Security Council. The charter of the United Nations established six primary organs within their headquarters in New York, further main offices are situated in Geneva, they are: The General Assembly, the organ that reflects the full membership of the UN. The Security
Numerous institutional cosmopolitanism theorists approach EU as an ideal institutional organization and consider its principles worth extending to the global level. Current globalization process results in merging humanity in one big community, where violation of human rights is taken as a common issue and where solutions tend to be found on the ground of joint efforts. The competence and actual power of international institutions often spread far beyond general promotion of human rights, today they are more commonly regarded as an important tool to globally protect human rights. However, most of the occurred armed conflicts accompanied by gross crimes against humanity, that are connected with serious attack on human dignity or grave humiliation as interpreted in the Rome Statute show that international institutions recurrently fail to maintain peace due to their state-centric tension. In order to improve the existent international legal order it is material to be
States have acknowledged the need and significance of Human Rights from the past examples of World wars when Human were tortured, humiliated, and brutally treated. Primary source of International Human Rights Law is Treaties and agreement which are binding to the parties which are signatory to the treaty or agreement. Customary International Law also binds the states in good faith, thus treaties and customary law is backbone of human rights law. Other instruments of International Human Rights law are not binding upon anyone legally but they have their input in practical implementation, understanding and progress in the field of human rights law. Most dominating features of Human rights are: (1)Human Rights are based on respect (2) Human rights are unchallengeable unless there are certain situations, if a person is guilty of a
From its development assistance to its humanitarian action, from its diplomatic engagement to its ability to deploy civilian and military missions, but also through the sheer size of its global trade and its economy, the EU has a lot to offer. The starting point is the normative weight of 28 member states coming together, united by a fundamental set of values and principles. Our collective experience of conflict, statebuilding and peacebuilding within Europe gives us a rich and unique perspective when applying ourselves to external matters. The democratic values that we hold dear are exactly those that the great majority of people in parts of the world affected by conflict and lack of development also yearn for. The EU is also shaping-up to more effectively bring to bear the significant set of instruments at its disposal to prevent conflict and promote peacebuilding, spanning the diplomatic, security, defence, financial, trade, development cooperation and humanitarian aid
VI- The Fourth Convention and Human Rights Law: It should to be focused on the international humanitarian law in wartime which coexists with human rights law, certain procurements of which can't be derogated from. Securing the individual versus the enemy (instead of protecting the individual versus his own authorities) is one of the features of the law of Armed Forces. A state at war can’t make use of the conflict as an excuse for ignoring the requirements of that law, which is by definition valid to unexpected situations. International humanitarian law gives due concern to military objectives and tries to accommodate military need with the requests of humanity. Throughout centuries, this law has been progressively changed to take account
International Law is the set of rules that agreed by each of country that agreed of the rules that already made. International Law also does not have the border, because International Law can keep changing and must be adapted to the dynamics and needs of the international community in the place where international law it grows, develops and applies. According to the J.G Starke in his book ‘Stark’s International Law’ said that the definition of the International Law is: International Law is a set of laws that mostly composed of the principles and the rules of behavior when the countries itself are feel bound and respect of it, and therefore them (countries) is also must respect and obeyed in relation of each other, and also including: a) The law rules with regard to the purpose of International institutions or the