5. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK The concept of hybridity as a concept in post-colonial theory, it’s applied to understand the process of globalization, capitalism and the effect of colonial past influences on the current Nigeria society. The term “Hybridity “means a blend of different culture styles this can generated through international and inter cultural contact. Post-colonial criticism comes from the assumption of unequal power relations by colonial powers and former colonies. Social inequalities were object of post-colonial studies. The arrival of colonial masters ushered a new wave of child Domestic workers, colonial civic servants, traders, missionaries took advantages of surplus labor available and drew themselves many domestic workers on their hands, parents were happy to give their children to the colonial masters because of favor expected from the colonial masters. Blauners concept of operationalization argues that domestic work is moderately alienating with much emphasis on social isolation and self-estrangement. The child Domestic work is often …show more content…
ILO (2005) reported that about 6 million Nigerian children were out of school, denying a child access to education is an infringement on child rights and this has a negative impact on the labor market and society in General. Article 32 of the UN convention on the rights of a child and Article 15 of OAU charter on Rights of the child shares similar opinion on the right of proper Education. The identified hazards linked to child Domestic labor includes Domestic accident such as exposure to toxic substance, contamination of cuts and festering wounds which can lead to death, physical or permanent deformity. The Cognitive problems of Child Domestic workers like not attending schools, dropping out of school and achievement deficits enforces social inequality in the society, Good education and developments is the basic way to productive
Industrialization’s negative effects were child labor, family separation, and poor working conditions. Since the beginning of time, children have toiled on family farms. When Industrialization came, the children moved
Whereas in the middle colonies women’s roles were more simple and common. They were expected to clean the house, cook all of the meals within the household and make goods which consisted of candles, butter, clothing and soap. They were also expected to take care of the children and watch after them with no complaints. The roles of women in the southern colonies did not differ as far as the way they were treated but it did differ in the many things they were expected to do for the family and colonies all
Masters supported the children and taught them a trade or profession. The British brought about change by the 17th century. White and black servants were separated; they were never the same again. The colonial society became so dependent on slaves because black women raised their children and had impact on their folk
Throughout the development of the colonies in America, slave trade grew to be a significant source of labor in primarily southern plantations within the late seventeenth to eighteenth centuries. During the era, with slaves being condemned to be considered socially inferior by law, and the increase in demand of goods such as rice and indigo, the slave labor force became a notable source for southern plantations in the eighteenth century. Slaves and people of color had always been considered to be socially inferior even before the colonies existed. With a sense of paternalism in Great Britain, people have always believed that those considered slaves,or servants rather, were second class citizens, and these people needed to be suppressed for their own best interests.
In colonial America, white women and white men had two different and distinct roles, whether it may be the first migration, the transitional period, or the revolutionary era, women had to the responsibility of taking care of domestic matters. In the early colonial period, women had the expectation and role of ensuring the colony’s survival and longevity through childbirth and rearing. As new colonies emerged and the original colonies of New England and Chesapeake expanded, women were not only responsible for birthing children, mostly boys that will inherit their father’s wealth, now they were also expected for the moral upbringing of their children. Women, in predominantly patriarchal religious communities like the Puritans, had to raise religious
Early American social hierarchies differed markedly for women of color—whether free or enslaved—whose relationships to the white regimes of early America were manifold and complex. Throughout the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, women in the colonies of the English West Indies and Carolinas, particularly women of color, were seen as subordinate by white male slave owners because of race and shared oppression of the female gender. However, these women were a means of economic gain for white slave owners. Taken from Africa to the New World as slave laborers, white slave owners valued these women for their ability in domestic work and fieldwork where they performed primarily unskilled agricultural tasks, as well as their potential to bear children. White slave owners of the Early Americas, driven by greed and opportunism, used political laws, physical characteristics of women, and social constructs of gender roles to appropriate
If you instill that in your children and grandchildren at an early age, you can continue to have the family farm. Forms of child labor, including indentured servitude and child slavery, have existed throughout American history. As industrialization moved workers from farms and home workshops into urban areas and factory work, children were often preferred, because factory owners viewed them as more manageable, cheaper, and less likely to strike. Children had always worked, especially in farming. But factory work was hard.
Unfree laborers in the Colonial period were the institutional turning point of having slaves and indentured servants. Slaves and indentured servants were the primary means of the wealthy in America at this time and were seen throughout many colonies. Either as a slave or an indentured servant, the person was expected and required to work in fields to maintain crops, as a house servant, or of anything else the master chose for them to do. The treatments of both had their similarities but also having their differences. During this time period indentured servants were treated more fairly, whereas the slaves were treated unfairly.
For these women, life could be rough, and just fine for others. It wasn’t unusual for colonial woman to breed ten or more kids, eight or so being the average due to survival of the fittest. The man of the house ran the household, and woman made sure food was on the table at supper, and the fields and gardens were tended to, and all the kids were clothed, dressed and did their chores. In many fashions colonial indentured servants and colonial slave woman were regarded just as slaves, and were faced with harsh punishments if they did not fulfill their duties and obligations. Female trade was common and “interwoven with the mercantile economy and with the “family economies” of particular households” (Ulrich 84).
In the 18th century, plantation owners relied on two types of labor: slavery and indentured servitude. Based on advertisements from runaway slaves and servants a fair amount can be interpreted about their lives. One similar experience is the value that their masters place upon the return of runaways. However, their experiences differed in terms of the personal clothing owned and the reality of freeom. For plantation owners, the exploited labor provided by servants and slaves was highly valued and the return of escaped individuals was worth fair compensation.
Marguerite Duras’s novel “The Lover” can lend itself to the interpretive extrapolation that colonialism is in essence a social phenomenon which is engendered on the basis of socio-cultural, as well as intra-personal and inter-personal psycho-emotional, all of them being interwoven into another and inter-consequential or inter-determining. The novel, although predominantly functioning on a domestic level, strongly suggests the profound effects of its social frame upon its domestic story, specifically on the characters of the narrator and her mother, as well as the relationship between the two and that of the narrator with her Chinese lover, the latter serving, as I will argue, as an allegory to the process of colonialism. In this paper I will
Child labor during the 18th and 19th century did not only rapidly develop an industrial revolution, but it also created a situation of difficulty and abuse by depriving children of edjucation, good physical health, and the proper emotional wellness and stability. In the late 1700 's and early 1800 's, power-driven machines replaced hand labor for making most manufactured items. Many of America 's factories needed a numerous amount of workers for a cheap salary. Because of this, the amount of child laborers have been growing rapidly over the early 1800s.
Child labor was a great concern in the Industrial revolution but very few people did something to stop it. Women and Children were forced to work more than 10 hours a day with only forty minutes to have lunch. Elizabeth Bentley once said that they didn’t have any time to have breakfast or drink anything during the day. They worked standing up and if they didn’t do their work on time they were strapped (whipped). Children were treating like they were not important, like they didn’t deserve a better life.
BENEFITS OF DIVERSITY IN NIGERIAN CONTEXT a. Ethnicity/Linguistic diversity: Nigeria is comprised of approximately two hundred and fifty ethno/linguistic groups. However, there are three major ethnic blocks; the other groups are generally referred as minority groups. The minority groups tend to be loosely affiliated to one of the three dominant groups. It is a well established business practice in Nigeria that if you wish to advertise a product you must take pain to be sensitive to the three dominant ethnic groups. Although English is the official language, more than half of the population do not understand and or speak formal English.
But not all work done by children should be accepted as child labor. In other words, if a work doesn’t harm child’s health or personal development (educational issues), it is generally accepted as something positive and useful. Such activities develop children’s skills, provide experience and formulate them to be part of society. The term “Child Labor” is when children do work that damages their health or hamper mental or physical