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Toronto Mega-City: Diabetes Case Study

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Introducing Toronto Mega-City in January 1998,which is known as “The City of Toronto” now, is one of the most multicultural cities in the world that experienced a substantial increase in immigrants, with greater number coming from the Pacific, Africa, Asia, and the Middle east as compared to European descent. About 50% of Toronto is foreign-born. Like many other developed cities, Toronto has experienced and still experiencing a substantial increase in the burden of diabetes at younger ages. Immigrants coming from the Pacific, Africa, Asia, and the Middle East are considered to be at higher risk in developing diabetes. Statistics showed that Toronto has the highest urban rate of diabetes in Ontario. Going back to history, in 1991, the discovery of insulin treatment in Toronto has set the bottom lines for the advanced diabetes treatments. …show more content…

The causes of diabetes vary, but the most important risk factors: unhealthy diet, obesity and physical inactivity (2). World health organization (WHO) concluded that risk factors are associated with chronic diseases; hence are the challenges of the century of

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An endocrinologist who practiced in New York City, Dr. Carlos Carera, was invited to attend the two-day protocol meeting to introduce the phase four clinical trial. He was interested in the development and research since some of his patients either could not tolerate or weren’t doing well on the available drugs for diabetes. Dr. Carera’s goal seems to involve participating in research to evolve and improve drugs for type-two diabetes and to be able to benefit his patients.

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In the book “Diabetes among the Pima: Stories of Survival”, the author, Smith-Morris states that more than any other population in the world, an American Indian tribe from the Southwest United States , also known as The Pima have the highest chance of having risks for type 2 diabetes. She also continues to argue in the book that the issue is not just a biomedical mater but something even larger. By living with the Pimas and studying the experiences, daily life, and views of Pima pregnant women over a decade, the author identified factors that are overlooked by research and interventions related to biomedical. In the process of studying the Pimas, the author also learn that both the indigenous population and the health care providers impact the social and cultural aspects in the community. The book took place in the Gila River

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Diabetes is a disease that 29.1 million people have to live with; so what is it? Diabetes is a disease that occurs when a person’s pancreas stops producing insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the body use glucose. Insulin is responsible for delivering the glucose from the bloodstream into muscles, fat, liver, and most cells to produce fuel for the body.

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What are the risk factors of diabetes? Type 1 – The main risk factor is family history. When a person has family members with diabetes their chances of getting the disease is higher. Type 2 – A big risk factor for this type is being overweight.

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AA adults have the highest mortality rate from DM in individuals less than seventy years of age than other ethnic groups (Tancredi, et al., 2015). In 2010, diabetes mellitus has caused the deaths of 69,071 people in the United States with total percentage deaths of all males (48.2%) and females (51.4%). In 2013, their mortality rate accounted for 21.2 deaths per 100,000 populations (CDC, 2015). This alarming statistics have proven that AA adults at risk for T2DM are in a greater need for EB interventions that will be championed by the advanced practice nurses

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(The Oxford Scientist, 2020). This shows that conditions for overall public health improved - because of both the discovery of Insulin and Penicillin. The fact that

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Toronto is regarded as one the most multicultural city in the world. The city caters around 200 ethnic groups with over 140 different languages. The city is growing every day as more and more people visit, work and live in this beautiful city. Eglinton, a densely populated neighborhood in Toronto, is a good example of this

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In the 1900’s, many people suffered blindness, amputations, and death because of diabetes. On October 1920, Dr. Fredrick Banting and Charles Best tried developing animal insulin to be safe for humans. On January 1922, they tested their serum on Leonard Thompson, a man who had diabetes. Quickly after the injection, Thompson’s sugar levels dropped drastically (Quinlan 57). This was an exciting time for Canadians because there were less people dying and suffering from diabetes.

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It does not matter the age of the person, obesity can put anyone at risk of much more deathly diseases. The population of people having type 2 diabetes has doubled between 1996 and 2007. About twenty years ago, it was said that only people under the age of 40 could only get this disease, but in the past 10 years it has increased tremendously in adolescents. While the frequency of type 2 diabetes has increased, it has also escalated very largely for many people of color. About 13.2% of African Americans, 15.9% of Native Americans and 12.8% of Hispanics have type 2 diabetes.

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Application of Population Health Promotion Model to Reduce the Impact of Healthy Immigrant effect amongst the Visible Minority Immigrant Women Population Living in Ontario The immigrant population makes up 20.6% of the total Canadian population and this number is predicted to increase to 25% and 28% by 2031 (Statistics Canada, 2013). As noted in the statistical report by Chui (2011), every one in five women in Canada, is born outside of Canada, and 73% of this population is from the visible minority. When these immigrants arrive Canada, their health status is higher than their Canadian born counterparts, but this declines to meet that of their Canadian counterpart within 5 - 20 years upon arrival This is called the Healthy immigrant effect

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Diabetes 1 has two pick ages when it occurs. The first peak age is in children between 4 and 7years old. Second – 10 to 14 years old while diabetes 2 tends to occur in people over 45 years old. How bad can diabetes effect on human’s health?

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Despite the unhealthy lifestyle and low physical activity are the leading causes of escalating the diabetes in the population. It’s the accountability of the community to pick call to save lots of their health,

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It is currently the 7th leading cause of death in the United States. The estimated cost of diabetes in 2007 in the U.S. was $17.4 billion. This includes the cost of policies such as Medicaid. Minority populations, such as Hispanic Americans, are at higher risk for developing Type 2 diabetes. Obesity is a major risk factor for this disease and with lifestyle changes it can be prevented, delayed, or reversed.

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Individual emotional and physical choices play a crucial role in health and even more so in lower socio-economic neighborhoods. The biological level in terms of diabetes would be the genetic influence Cockerham (2013) addressed. The biological element at play is the TCF7L2 variant gene. This gene increases the diabetes risk but depends on heredity. However, presence itself doesn’t mean diabetes.

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But let's not con ourselves, they would still have needed to take care of the basics, which have not changed since diabetes was first regarded as a disease. If you too want to treat diabetes too, your starting points should be the just the same as ever - To Deal Effectively With Diabetes - First, deal with Your Weight If you are obese, the risk of you developing diabetes is greater than for someone/anyone who isn't overweight. Otherwise type 2 diabetes can loom like a grim phantom over your future! Type 2 diabetes, (often described as "adult onset diabetes") is far more often found in overweight people than in those of 'normal' weight.

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