Toronto Mega-City: Diabetes Case Study

Death rates for males increased by 21%, but decreased by 8% for females between 1980 and 2007. The death rates increase with age, 87% of deaths with diabetes as the underlying cause where in those aged 65 years or older. Diabetes death rates are 6.6times higher in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People. Prevalence, has risen from 1.3% of the Australian population diagnosed with diabetes in 1990 to 2.4% in 1995 to 4% in 07-08 the rise is mostly due to the increase in type 2, diabetes, but there has also been a rise in those suffering with type 1. In all age groups males suffer higher rates of diabetes than females, male’s rate 5% and females

Type 2 diabetes rates have been rising in Canada and around the world and are due to excessive weight gain, obesity and physical inactivity. It is known as a disease where the pancreas does not produce enough insulin in the body, therefore resulting in glucose building in the blood whereas it should be used for energy. According to the World Health Organization, the number of people with diabetes in Canada will increase by 75% over the next 30 years from 2 million to 3.5 million patients. Moreover, diabetes is a rising concern as it leads to diseases such as heart, and kidney disease, stroke, infections and low levels of blood sugar. This paper explores the issues of diabetes and solutions to prevent it by increasing physical

Diabetes mellitus type two is a metabolic disorder that is categorized by hyperglycaemia in the context of insulin resistance and relation lack of insulin. It comprises of over ninety percent of people with diabetes around the world. The effect of such illnesses is excess body weight and physical inactivity. More than eighty percent of diabetes deaths occur in third world countries like the Tohono O’odham and the Pima Indians of southern Arizona, more than half of all adults in that population have diabetes and that is within every ten people, there are at least five people who have type two diabetes. Why did it happen?

Three types of indicators had been used to gather the data: number of people who have diabetes, number of hospitalization and number of deaths due to diabetes. Thus it is evident that type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes are the main health issues that impact on indigenous people. Obesity, lack of exercise, eating too much sugar and fatty foods, living in poor housing and environment are the reasons for diabetes that as evident by recent surveys. Further, diabetes/high blood glucose levels are more common among indigenous people who live in remote areas than non-remote areas. Every one out of sixteen indigenous people is suffering from the disease.

There are approximately 350 million individuals living with DM worldwide. In the United States, the rate of T2DM has increased in individuals of AA descent with the prevalence rate escalating in the past 30 years and has quadrupled. AAs above 20 years of age are 1.7 times more likely to be diagnosed with DM than the Caucasians. They accounted for 10.8% of all individual with diabetes (CDC, 2015). A comparison of rates of diagnosis of diabetes mellitus by ethnicity and race disclosed that in 2010 the AAs diagnosed for diabetes were 13.2% of 29.1 million Americans (ADA, 2014).

Individual emotional and physical choices play a crucial role in health and even more so in lower socio-economic neighborhoods. The biological level in terms of diabetes would be the genetic influence Cockerham (2013) addressed. The biological element at play is the TCF7L2 variant gene. This gene increases the diabetes risk but depends on heredity. However, presence itself doesn’t mean diabetes.

It is currently the 7th leading cause of death in the United States. The estimated cost of diabetes in 2007 in the U.S. was $17.4 billion. This includes the cost of policies such as Medicaid. Minority populations, such as Hispanic Americans, are at higher risk for developing Type 2 diabetes. Obesity is a major risk factor for this disease and with lifestyle changes it can be prevented, delayed, or reversed.

Treatment goals should take into account patients preferences, as well as social situation, cultural factors, diabetes complications and life expectancy (4, 12, 13). Considering the above, good communication with primary health care provider could facilitate empowerment, which is a process that patients need to engage in for themselves(13, 14), but it is facilitated primarily by physicians, because of that, it is necessary that general physicians feel comfortable to encourage patients toward healthy lifestyle changes and to seek support from other health care professionals such dietitians, physiotherapists, psychologist and nurses trained in diabetes

Diabetes can be divided in two types. Type 1 diabetes is known as insulin-dependent diabetes. It happens when your immune system destroys beta cells which are needed to produce insulin. And type 2 diabetes, similar to type one, except immune system doesn’t destroy the cells that generate insulin. Type 1 diabetes has no cure but it can be regulated with proper

The model type 2 diabetes is a non insulin dependent diabetes, it is also when the body cannot use insulin properly. Primary prevention goal is to prevent the disease before it starts. An approach to primary prevention of type 2 diabetes is through lifestyle changes that favorably influence insulin sensitivity like avoiding obesity, exercising and eating healthy. Secondary prevention goal is early detection followed by by prompt treatment. For this model secondary prevention is screening and prevention of other diabetic complications through treatment or avoiding of coexisting risk factors.

Type one Diabetes develops when the cells that create insulin, the pancreatic beta cells, are destroyed by the body’s immune system. 40,000 people are

It does not matter the age of the person, obesity can put anyone at risk of much more deathly diseases. The population of people having type 2 diabetes has doubled between 1996 and 2007. About twenty years ago, it was said that only people under the age of 40 could only get this disease, but in the past 10 years it has increased tremendously in adolescents. While the frequency of type 2 diabetes has increased, it has also escalated very largely for many people of color. About 13.2% of African Americans, 15.9% of Native Americans and 12.8% of Hispanics have type 2 diabetes.

An endocrinologist who practiced in New York City, Dr. Carlos Carera, was invited to attend the two-day protocol meeting to introduce the phase four clinical trial. He was interested in the development and research since some of his patients either could not tolerate or weren’t doing well on the available drugs for diabetes. Dr. Carera’s goal seems to involve participating in research to evolve and improve drugs for type-two diabetes and to be able to benefit his patients.

Toronto is regarded as one the most multicultural city in the world. The city caters around 200 ethnic groups with over 140 different languages. The city is growing every day as more and more people visit, work and live in this beautiful city. Eglinton, a densely populated neighborhood in Toronto, is a good example of this

Type two diabetes is caused by obesity, unhealthy diet, being inactive, environmental factors, and genetics. Three of the five causes can be easily prevented by many ways. For example, you could run a mile everyday or replace chips in your meal with an apple. There are many symptoms of type two diabetes: being tied, losing weight, blurry vision, and sometimes a wound that will not heal. If someone has these symptoms, they should contact their doctor immediately.