Transnational Migrant Migration

Transnational migrant’s remittances influence on household food and nutrition security? Case Study of Kuwadzana Township, Harare, Zimbabwe

Introduction

Transnational migrant is defined “a pattern of migration in which persons, although they move across international borders, settle and establish ongoing social in a new state, maintaining ongoing social connections with the polity from which they originated” Crush and Tevera, 2010, 19). The concept of migration has been seen a way to seek work, improve standard of living, and improve poverty, conflict and persecution (Dzingirai et al., 2015). Globally, the concept of migration has made a significant mark on the relationship between immigrants and the contribution of immigrants to their country

Remittance is also defined as “to money and goods that are transmitted to households by migrant workers working outside their origin countries” (Richard and Adams, 2009, 93). Remittances send home is not only in form of monetary value but also goods such as food and property amongst others (Taylor et al., 1996; Richard and Adams, 2009). The benefits of remittances are the similar for both developing and developed countries (Acosta, 2008). There are two questions that should be considered relation to remittance: ‘Who is the sender of the resources’ and ‘Who decides how the resources are used’ (Roberts and Banaian, 2005). These questions will enhance an understanding of the issues surrounding

One of the determinants is poverty which causes people to migrant hence sending remittances home. This is so because remittances are individual transfer directed to a household not to the country thus poverty of a household is important than poverty of the country (Richard and Adam, 2009). Other factor includes the economic situation between the origin country and the country one is remitting from; the exchange and interest rates. The remittance has both direct and indirect effects on the level and distribution of household farm income from immigrants (Taylor, 1992). Self-interest also contribute to the determinants of remittances, thus to enhance social status within the family and keep connection with family (Singh et al., 2009). Furthermore, the other determinant is the skill composition as a result of education level. It is argued that the more educated and skilled the migrant is the more money they send and vice versa (Richard and Adam, 2009). The information on remittances and the country’s’ income also contributes to how much migrants send to their countries (Richard and Adam,