I. Introduction
I will discuss the geologic paradigms of uniformitarianism and catastrophism. Both theories shape the Earth’s surface, but are compared in different ways. Uniformitarianism theory details how things happen on and to the earth. Catastrophism theory believed that all things happen and change on earth due to major catastrophes such as meteorites impacting earth. The main question I will answer is how and when these two theories came about, and what makes these two theories different.
II. Old-Earth Secular View
Old-Earth view is proclaimed to be inspired by the Bible and the Word of God. The old-earth theory was started in 18th and 19th century by three French geologist
(Berggren & Couvering, 2014). An old-earth viewpoint is that the operations that are happening in today’s world have been happening for a long time. The quote written by James Hutton” The present is the key to the past”, is a good indication of how the old-earth viewpoint is viewed (Berggren & Couvering, 2014). The process can be weak and slow for a long period of time and then it can turn into a catastrophic
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The first reason Uniformitarianism believe that what has happened to the earth geological has taken billions of years, and they believe the world is millions of years old (Barker,1998). Catastrophism think that large scale catastrophes hit the earth and change the geographic form in a short period of time, as well as the earth is young not old. Uniformitarianism does not think there was catastrophic events that happened on the earth, but that the earth changes slowly so things such as rainwater causes the soil to erode (Barker, 1998). Catastrophism think that the geological formations of the earth were battered from the molten rock and from the rock cooling it formed mountain ranges. Only through natural disaster the earth formed its present day
3.1 1. Minerals have a few distinguishing characteristics that differ them from other materials. One of the biggest characteristic that minerals poses is they are naturally occurring, inorganic element or compound. Another is the hardness of the mineral. Minerals also have the characteristics of very different cleavage shapes.
With the earth 's creation there is many theories to how it became one, one of those of which we read in class and the other got explained to us by a partner. Both of which were either the Iroquois or the Bible story. In both stories, even though two different stories there are many similarities and differences. Examples of some similarities mentioned in both stories would be the forbidden tree, the two young children, the woman are both instigators, and the last one similarity in both stories is that the men are naive.
As time went from the 16th century to the 18th century, the Renaissance thinking transformed to the Scientific Revolution. Soon, it would enable a worldview in which people were not invoking the principles of religion as often as the Renaissance. As an example, these natural philosophers, known as scientists today, developed a new thinking in which the world was no longer geocentric. The thought of an Earth-centered universe as the Bible would say, transformed as heliocentric or in other words Sun-centered. Within this period, Scientists were starting to understand the world’s functions, for they created experiment methods incorporating discipline, mathematics, and the essential Scientist communication.
The “Orbis Spike” specifies that the Anthropocene, as a geological epoch when human activities begin to take the dominant role in changing the earth in a global scale, starts at the year 1610 (Lewis and Maslin 171, 177). Mentz draws upon Lewis and Maslin’s “Defining the Anthropocene” and Prospero’s speeches from The Tempest to define “the Orbis Spike” as “an age of death” (2). In this essay, I will respond to Mentz 's essay with two passages from The Tempest to argue that the 1610 Anthropocene is indeed “an age of death” as Mentz proposed not only due to the depopulation of human especially the natives from the “New World”, but I will also add that human’s awareness on the limitation of the technology and inevitability of death both lead us to thinking about our position in the Anthropocene that we are the
The idea of catastrophism or “consecutive creations”, is the theory that changes earth’s crust geological history from sudden violent and unusual events. Catastrophism is the idea that Earth has been affected in the past by sudden, short-lived, violent events, possibly worldwide in space. This view holds that the present is the key to the past, and that all things continue as they were from the beginning of the
(Steffen et al., 2011; Lewis and Maslin, 2015). There have even been numerous calls to recognise this influence by renaming the most geological epoch in humans’ honour”
Human history came about differently all over the world for the last 13,000 years because of simply of the environment in which each continent is located. Many people believe it is because of biological differences among the people around the world, but now we know that isn’t correct. The environment of each continent means different forms of language, diseases, political, religions, ect. They also have different species of animals and plants that one continent may not have come across. To get deeper into the subject, an example of how the environment created the differences is how the Inca and Aztec empires were overthrown by the 2 spanish explorers named CorteŽ and Pizarro and there crew of a couple hundred.
Floating about in all types of literature, there are many legends as to how the earth was created; these legends are known as creation myths. A creation myth offers answers to questions that ask how the earth was created, and explains the social customs of today as well as the workings of the natural world by telling an elaborate story. The Cherokee Indians have spread their beliefs on this topic throughout generations through oral tradition. Recent authors have taken these myths to paper to preserve history and to spread them even further around the world. “How the World Was Made” is a creation myth that not only offers an abundance of information regarding the origin of earth, but also supports the social traditions of today’s society and attempts to explain the intangible, natural workings of the world.
In today's society, the balance between individualism and conformity to society's expectations is a prominent and deceptive conflict. Oftentimes, the individual must put his uniqueness aside and settle for a view of an occupation, hobby, or idea that society agrees with. Instead of expressing original and creative ideas, they are held hostage by comparing themselves with the lives and accomplishments of others and the standards their our society. One of the biggest tools of society, social media, allows people to share ideas and interests with everyone. However, naturally, one will only post what he knows others will accept and enjoy just as he does.
To figure out this relationship and connections between the three, scholars went back to study the Age of Reason. During the Age of Reason, scholars adopted empiricism. Empiricism is the theory that everything is based on experience, according to the five senses. Another key aspect to this age of reason was that the universe operated without the hand of God behind every miracle. The last aspect to this was that scholars and philosophers rebelled against restrictions of Christianity.
Chorley said “Whenever anyone mentions theory to a geomorphologist, he instinctively reaches for his soil auger” (R.J Chorley 1978). Physical geographers are viewed as always being out in the field doing their own research and not sitting
“Cosmos” is needed to prevent “chaos”. In fact, in developed religious systems of this kind, there were three cosmic levels: not only earth and heaven, but an underworld as well. The axis mundi, the vertical feature, was seen as the centre of the world and as linking together all three cosmic levels. Instead
1. CREATIONISM The Creationist model explains the living world through the theory it was created by a supernatural deity. This theory originates from the Jewish holy book, the Torah which states that the world is approximately 6000 years old and that all existing species were created and there has been no change from one species to another. 2.
The Earth is a beautiful place, there is no doubt about that. Now the future is questionable due to all the manufacturing and oil drilling we’ve done. However, not only those actions are to blame, we have all played our part. Humans have created a new world, the Anthropocene. The Anthropocene is defined as the idea that we have entered a new epoch in Earth’s geological history.
On page 68, we are told that "no culture is exclusively universalist or particularist, but cultures do tend to be more one than the other..." and that we are to understand that the reading is focusing specifically on culture as a whole. However, there are some interesting conversations to be had when you break it down further and look to see the smaller clusters of culture within the whole, especially when they are self-preserving. For example, our own American culture as a whole, I would argue is Universalist, especially in the cases of the justice system, employment processes, and educational opportunities, at least according to the bylaws. Where our culture shifts dramatically to particularism and changes these outcomes for the situations above, is within the class structure. Class structure