The Reconstruction Amendments established rights for African Americans that led to negative responses from white southerners. The establishment of slavery is one that was in effect for 245 years. Nevertheless, social advancements that were contributed from the 13, 14, and 15 amendments allowed for many new opportunities for African Americans. These were the first amendments made to the constitution in 60 years and are important because they mark the beginning of the Reconstruction of the Sought post Civil War. These legislatures carried with them many positive and negative responses from the citizens. White southerners felt the need to oppress the African Americans through violence and overall racist behavior. In contrast to the African Americans who were happy with their exalted social status and exercised their …show more content…
This amendment was created to give anyone under the jurisdiction of the law the right to equality, denying states to infringe upon the rights of their citizens. The portion of this amendment that guaranteed citizenship and equal rights became known as the Equal Protection Clause (14th Amendment). One of the purposes of this amendment was to outlaw the notorious black codes that plagued and stood as a reminder of the African American’s previous years of servitude. The prevention of state governments from creating laws that target a specific group declared black codes unconstitutional. However, the individual citizens of states could target and harass African Americans because of the ambiguous language of the amendment(Understanding the 14th Amendment). Jim Crow laws ,nevertheless, remained legal because it pertained to the segregation of races ,therefore it did not technically disrupt the african Americans rights. The amendment targeted state legislature that infringed the rights of African American allowing for the Supreme Court to allow that formation of hate
Eric Foner explains in, “The Checkered History of the Great Fourteenth Amendment,” that in addition to providing the revolutionary act of promoting black American's freedom, the Fourteenth Amendment was one of the most critical outcomes of the Civil War because it set a precedent for the federal government to have power over state governments. The amendment represented a turning tide where the “national state” was no longer viewed as “as a threat to liberty”(Foner). For the first time in American History, the federal government truly possessed the power to act as a benevolent overseer of it's citizens. The amendment also gave the Constitution “malleability,” ensuring the voice of citizens would be incorporated into government policies(Foner).
The amendment was significant to the reconstruction era because this was the moment that all were waiting for: the ratification of this amendment meant the freemen of all slaves. The thirteenth amendment was created to abolish slavery, it declared, "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, nor any place subject to their jurisdiction. " The amendment was created after the Civil war as a part of the Reconstruction movement. While many may see the amendment as a promise for African Americans, the amendment held loopholes for future arrangements.
During the reconstruction era the Civil Rights Act of 1875 protected all Americans, regardless of their race, equal treatment in public accommodations, public transportation, and to prohibit exclusion from jury service, however it was not enforced and the supreme court declared it unconstitutional in 1883. The Court ruled that the 14th Amendment prohibited states, but not citizens, from discriminating. This civil rights reversal was devastating for African
R – Radical Republicans led the Reconstruction of the South E – Emancipation Proclamation freed the slaves C – Carpetbaggers attempted to gain political office or economic advantage O – Opposition to blacks voting N – No universal public education in the South S – Sharecroppers allowed to use land for a share of their crop T – Ten percent plan offered by President Lincoln R – Rights granted to African Americans through the “Reconstruction Amendments” U – Union was reunited after a victory in the Civil War C – Confederacy was broken apart after a defeat in the Civil War T – Topic of the 14th Amendment was equal protection under the law for everyone I – “Ironclad Oath” required officials to swear they had never “borne arms” against U.S. O – Organizing
It sets the unchangeable rules and fundamentals of this country. The 13th-15th amendments are extremely important and are by far the most important amendments in the Constitution. They are identified as the Reconstruction Amendments because they were the first to be passed in response to the Civil War, they were passed one after another. All three were passed by Republicans after they won and became incharge of America. The Democratic party had never officially agreed to these amendments but Republicans used the fact that they could force the opposing party into abiding their laws to their advantage.
How did Reconstruction change life for African Americans? Before Reconstruction, every African’s life was different. Some Africans worked on plantations, which meant they worked from sunrise to sunset, six days a week. They would even get food that wasn’t capable of being eaten. The plantation slaves lived in small shakes that had a dirt floor and little to no furniture.
Over time, there have been many interpretations in the meaning of the 14th Amendment due to the use of both explicit and implicit language in the document. Having been written at a time when African-Americans were starting to get their rights. For some at that time, the 14th Amendment meant to just give African-Americans rights but as time progressed, the interpretation of the amendment was challenged and began to change. The 13th Amendment’s meaning is to end slavery in the United States except as a punishment for a crime. The 13th Amendment didn’t help African-Americans because states passed the Jim Crow laws.
The amendment was intended to grant citizenship to and protect the civil liberties of freed slaves. This Amendment prevented states from not allowing African American citizens to live their lives like any other free citizen in the United States including equal protection of the laws. Black codes were embraced by mid-western states to control or limit the relocation of free African-Americans to the mid-west. Coldblooded and extreme black code laws were embraced by southern states after the Civil War to control or impose the old social structure. Southern congress passed laws that confined the social equality of the liberated previous slaves.
The Fourteenth Amendment, addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed on response to issues to former slaves following the American civil war. The equal protection clause took effect in 1868, it is part of the fourteenth Amendment. It states that no state shall deny any person within its jurisdiction “The Equal Protection of the Law.” In other words the law must treat an individual in the same manner as other individuals in similar conditions and circumstances. The bill of rights offer freedom and equality in each and every one of the amendments.
Obviously, the majority of state offices were initially held by whites; however, as the Reconstruction period progressed, more blacks began to fill positions such as law enforcement and tax assessors (Schultz, 2013). Some blacks were even voted into office, such as the first African American Senator of Mississippi, Hiram Revels. For those not fortunate enough to land a government job, they continued to work small plots of land in order to make a living, only as sharecroppers, as opposed to slaves. The South began to see an influx of carpetbaggers moving south to for a variety of different reasons (Schultz, 2013). Some of them worked with southern Republicans to get all types of improvements made in the south, such as new public schools
It create Reconstruction Amendments, the important landmarks in civil rights for black Americans The “Reconstruction Amendments” passed by Congress between 1865 and 1870 eliminated slavery, gave black Americans equal protection under the law, and granted suffrage to black men. Although racist violence and Jim Crow laws eroded these constitutional rights, blacks still began participating in politics, and these amendments established the legal basis for more fundamental equality during the civil rights era of the 1950s and 60s. Historian Donald R. Shaffer argued that the gains during Reconstruction for African Americans were not entirely extinguished. The legalization of African-American marriage and family and the independence of black churches
The law were enacted to ensure that white and blacks were afford separate experiences and privilege. An example of such a measure was the segregation of facilities, such as schools, theaters, hospital, and restroom. In an effort to have this law abolished, in the South blacks had sit-in and boycotts and a marched on Washington, they were often met with violence from their white counter parts, who opposed their efforts and wanted things to remain the same. However there efforts paid off and segregation of institutions was declared Unconstitutional. Furthermore here are some ways the black vote was suppressed, literacy testing, Violence, intimidation, and the grand father clause, however these voting laws primarily effected black men because women had the right to vote long before they did.
Their schools and buildings were severely underfunded and not properly maintained. Blacks could not socialize with white people in public or they risked being arrested. “A black male could not offer his hand (to shake hands) with a white male because it
These laws were embraced by white supremacists. “The country may have been ‘equal’ by the standards of Plessy v. Ferguson, but in reality, it was not equal at all’(Source 1). They were “equal” but not equal at all. The Jim Crow Laws didn't actually violate the laws but it didn't follow them either, they made things seem equal but they really weren’t. In addition to being equal but being unequal, source 1 also states that the Jim Crow Laws also stopped African-American voters from voting by requiring them to have the knowledge they weren't given the chance to learn.
The Fourteenth Amendment made America what it is today. It granted citizenship and many rights to African Americans. It was signed in a time for change and forgiveness. Without this law, our country would be just as racist and segregated as