I will be exploring the aspect of women in Medieval Japan, and my historical question is, “what roles did women uphold in Medieval Japan?”
The two sources used to answer the historical question, is a diary called the ‘Sarahina Nikki’, and a woodblock printing of The Battle of Awazu.
The ‘Sarashina Nikki’ is a primary source, and it is an original document of a diary, written by Lady Sarashina. It describes her life experiences from when she was a child to an adult. The author was from Japan, and her class in society was the peasantry. She lived in the position of an author when she created the diary, and it was written from 1020 to 1059.
Its content was not biased, and its time and place rule was extremely accurate. It was an unwitting source,
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It illustrates a significant fight during the battle. He was from Japan, and he lived about 714 years after the event in the source took place, as a peasant in society. The printing was produced in April 1899.
It does not have biased content, but its time and place rule was not very accurate. It was a witting source, and the artist produced the printing, so he could display his artistic skill and for commercial purposes. It contains factual, truthful and positive contents. It was targeted at a large audience, and was created in April 1899. Its evidence can be cross-referenced with a website about women’s life in Feudal Japan by Skwirk.
The ‘Sarashina Nikki’ is a primary source, which can answer the historical question, because it explores a woman’s daily life and roles in Medieval Japan. It revealed Lady Sarashina’s roles, such as being a farmer, a person who tends for her home and family, and a religiously devoted person. The historical question can therefore be answered, because the source provides documentation of a woman’s daily life in Medieval
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She is seen in the centre of the printing. In the artwork, she proves her role as a samurai, by preparing to kill an enemy, and by defending her side in battle. It proves that some women held the role of being a samurai, and that the source is able to answer the historical question.
Both sources can be used for the historical investigation of many aspects in Medieval Japan.
The ‘Sarashina Nikki’, is useful for historical investigation on the aspects of men in Japan, rituals and ceremonies, the geographic features of Japan, literature and religious systems. The woodblock printing of the Battle of Awazu can be used for historical investigation on the aspects of Medieval Japanese civil wars, samurai, armoury and weaponry, feudalism and men and women in Japan.
In the topic of women, I have learned that different classes separated them, and their class determined their roles in society. Many women who were peasants often tended to their homes and families, worked as farmers and were religiously devoted. There were a number of women who served as samurai, and they had to respect males, be educated in their culture and fight in battles. Overall, l learned that women held many important roles and contributed much to Medieval Japanese
Throughout Europe and Japan during the middle ages both adopted the governmental system of feudalism. Europe adopted the feudal system when Rome fell, and Japan adopted the feudal system when the Han dynasty fell. They both adopted the feudal system to fill the need for a governmental system when both previous empire fell. Though Japan and Europe both adopted the feudal system they both had their own versions of the feudal system. Feudal Europe and Japan had contrasting hierarchy structures, army types (builds, training, and roles), and their armies belief systems or codes were different.
Baldassare Castiglione wrote about how a woman's sole purpose is to amuse and entertain men (3). Castiglione’s ideas reflect the patronizing attitude towards men that was seen throughout the era. This book is a reliable source because it is aimed at women seeking to become the proper lady as it gives advice on how to achieve that status, while showing historical truth because the author genuinely wants all women to behave in this manner. John Knox attacked women in positions of power by saying that they are cruel, weak, and insulting to God (5). This idea is not an uncommon one as female leaders were continually mocked throughout history.
In the article “Traditions Subordinating Women”, Bonnie S. Anderson and Judith P. Zinsser explore the very strong opinions, theories and beliefs of female subordination within the eyes of various origin cultures through stories, passages and history itself. This article gives a vast understanding of a woman’s role, the purpose of her body, what is expected of her, society’s double standards and how literature and poems portray women. Before Christianity, there existed many old cultures such as the Greeks, Romans, Hebrews, Germanics and Celtics, who all came in agreement to preserving the subordination of women. A woman’s main duties were to remain faithful to her husband, to be fruitful and to preserve and nurture her home. A woman was incapable
Objectification and Patriarchal Control in “Christina of Markyate” written by Anonymous Authors Like any other female during the beginning of the twelfth century, Christina of Markyate, formally known as Theodora, was considered to be inferior to the male sex. Women were expected to respect the wishes of their parents, oblige to marriage and live a life according to stereotypical heterosexual norms. However, given the strict expectations Christina was supposed to submit to, she dismissed traditional gender roles and continued to strive towards the goal of preserving her virginity and living the life of a nun. In the story “Christina of Markyate,” anonymous authors use examples of objectification and patriarchal control to portray Christina’s lack of freedom in a time period consumed with male dominance.
Some of these are the roles of the military leaders and that women were not allowed to be involved in any sort of combat in Medieval Europe. Conversely, in Tokugawa Japan women were able to train to become a Samurai and would still be a regular wife. Also, in Medieval Europe women were much lower in society, but in Tokugawa Japan, women were almost equal to men at the time. This is one of the many differences between Tokugawa Japan’s social system and Medieval Europe's social system. Medieval Europe also had a slightly different warrior system.
From the Kamakura Period of the late twelfth century to the Meiji Restoration in the nineteenth century, the samurai have held prominent positions as noble warriors in Japanese society. They have come to be famous in modern, Western pop culture as the fierce, stoic guards of feudal Japan, but their practices and rituals extended beyond wielding katanas and donning impressive armor. Samurai practices were rich and complex, with strict codes, ritual suicide, and a history of influencing culture and politics (“Samurai”). Samurai code was influenced by traditional Japanese culture, Zen Buddhism, and Confucianism. Bushido, or “Way of the Warrior,” was the code of conduct the samurai class were expected to uphold.
In Ihara Saikaku’s Life of a Sensuous Woman, the author illustrates various gender roles in both women and men. In the works Saikaku composed, he also demonstrates some parts of Japan’s developing cultural values with that of the European Enlightenment period. Japanese culture has a lot in common with that of the Enlightenment period because of the way that women are treated and the roles they should play to serve the man in the household. In Saikaku’s Life of a Sensuous Woman, he displays numerous similarities with Voltaire’s Candid and Mary Wollstonecraft’s A Vindication of the Rights of Women of the values that men share and also what the role women and society have in each of the different stories. Japan’s cultural values has various similarities with the European Enlightenment period.
Hezeki Ross 2/23/2016 History 102 Book Review In an era when women were supposed to be disciplined, kindhearted, and obedient. Anna proved that she 's the complete opposite. Defying sixteenth century social mores of being considered as the weaker sex, physically and emotionally.
With the rise of civilization also came the rise of patriarchy-based societies and the slow decline of the importance of women in society. For the longest time the history of the world has been written by men who have been the head of the patriarchy and have forgotten the role of women in history. It is important to realize that women do in fact have a place at the table with men when it comes to importance in history, and are not just the ones cooking and serving the meal. It is women who tasked with raising the next generation. By looking at women of the past, people of the future can learn and evolve to fight oppression and gain their own power.
Firstly, what was the women, in particular, in the eyes of husbands and fathers in the family? In early modern Europe, many people believe in that, the most appropriate place for women was the family which gives them certain responsibilities like obedient daughters, wives, and widows. Many books and theories included that women should marry and constitute their own family. These kinds of thoughts were strengthened by medical assessment about '' the biological nature of women, who were thought to be at risk of severe physical and mental illness if they did not engage in regular sexual relations.'' General belief in that time was that women were sexually more greedy, which came in sight in ribald
The Heian period was denoted as the era of the aristocrats in Japan’s timeline. During this period, women created some of the greatest writing throughout Japan’s history, the most sophisticated and highly desired one being poetry. These poems allowed for an outsider to get an insight of Japan’s society and culture at the time. One of the celebrated author’s of this time was Sei Shōnagon, her most famous work being The Pillow Book. Although her work has been consecutively ridiculed as a poor depiction of the Heian court life, it has also been thought of as comical.
Women of the Medieval Times Women have always had a significant role in history even though they were treated horrible in most cases. During the Medieval Times was really the first time women were allowed to become more than just a house wife. The fight for equality has always been a struggle and even in today’s society is still an ongoing battle. Although women of lower and middle class were treated poorly in the Medieval Times, some powerful women held great responsibility and were looked up too by both men and children; despite being admired, “men were thought to be not only physically stronger but more emotionally stable, more intelligent, and morally less feeble” (Hopkins 5). “The position of women in the Medieval Society was greatly influenced by the views of the Roman Catholic Church” (Heeve).
In the essay, "Did Women have a Renaissance?”, Joan Kelly-Gadol, presents a feminist insight into women's role in society during the Renaissance and how women did not have a Renaissance. While Margaret L. King, who wrote, “Women and High Power”, offers the roles of women and learning from 1300-1800 and argues that women did . The question of, “did women benefit from the Renaissance?”, is an extremely loaded question. Like every argument or question there are two sides to every story. One way, like Margaret L. King to look at this argument is that women experienced the Renaissance just like men did.
Introduction Women in the Middle ages were treated as the second class members within their social class. They were taught to be obedient to their husbands and were expected to run the household and raise children. Their role in the society, however, was much more complex, while some medieval women achieved a high level of equality with men. In the Middle Ages women had a secondary role, coming second after men.
Currently, Japan is often known for having a very distinct culture, cultivated due to their relative isolation as an Island country. Indeed, many people reference the Tokugawa Edicts as the reason for this perception. However, while Japanese civilization is certainly a highly distinctive society, it also has strong ties to Chinese culture that began long before the Tokugawa era. In fact, as early as the first century A.D., the people of Japan were sending missions to China; they established a trade and tribute based relationship. This initial relationship gave way to the later Chinese influence that would shape Japan.