Ulema Essays

This essay compares the articles “Reinventing the Veil” by Leila Ahmed and “Why aren’t woman advancing at the Workplace” by Jessica Nordell. Both articles display oppression of woman due to stereotypes and the culture effecting environment phenomenon. “Reinventing the veil” is an article that shares an insight into the author’s perspective on hijabs and a brief discussion on hijabs over time and what they represent to Muslim woman. The article “Why woman aren’t advancing at workplace” attempts to

of popular approval for his White Revolution. Khomeini issued on January 22, 1963 a strongly written declaration denouncing the Shah and his goals. Two days later Shah made an armored column to Qom, and he delivered a speech strongly attacking the Ulema. Reza Shah transformed the Iranian monarchy into a modern autocracy. The modern programs of restricted and limited religious life and made clergies be against the monarchy, as well, and Khomeini decided to go in conflict with them and build another

Katib Chelebi, also known as Mustafa son of Abd Allah, was born in 1609. In his childhood he received good education and learned Arabic grammar. He became one of the most important scholars in Ottoman Empire in the seventeenth century. His famous works were on the field of geography “Jihannuma”, on the topic of religious debates “The Balance of Truth”. He was open to innovation and influenced by the Western thoughts. He was living at a time of Ottoman Empire in which the Empire had lost its supremacy

Women And Their Education in Ottoman Modernization Era: Fatma Aliye and Her Intellectual Contributions Efe ?nan?r ABSTRACT This paper will deal with the women and their education in the Ottoman society. The paper begins with the circumstances of women and their education before the Ottoman modernization era, and then it will focus on the Tanzimat Era until the Young Turk Revolution. The government?s efforts on modernizing the society through education and establishing new institutions for

The introduction of Tocqueville in the Ottoman Empire by Ariel Salzmann is an application of the concepts that Tocqueville has developed such as Ancien Régime to understand the semblance between pre revolutionary France and the Ottoman old regime . Tocqueville questions why did France cohere and the Ottoman Empire fall apart if their policies and institutional patterns were similar in character and close in timing ? Hence Tocqueville haunts the social scientific imagination of the Ottoman past as

. Title Slide Comparing Catholicism and Islam: Understanding Two Major World Religions. 2. What is the difference between a'smart' and a'smart'? History and Sacred Writings Catholicism and Islam both have rich historical backgrounds and foundational texts that guide their followers. Catholicism traces its origins to the life and teachings of Jesus Christ in the 1st century CE. The Bible, comprising the Old and New Testaments, serves as its sacred scripture. The Old Testament shares many stories

Iran has always had a legacy of challenging the existing the status quo, be it with regards to politics, society or culture. Iran waged a revolution against the modernising Pahlavi regime to establish a conservative clerical government under Khomeini. Iranians have projected various forms of resistance to the onslaught of colonialism. Hamid Dabashi says that without these forms of groundbreaking initiatives or resistance, Iranian subject would have been historically denied or colonially modulated

FRATRICIDE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CONSEQUENTALIST AND DEONTOLOGIST APPROACH INTRODUCTION The source of the word “fratricide” is coming from two Latin words, “frater” which means “brother” and the “cida” which means “killer”, coming together as “brother killer”. Its meaning can be defined as an act of a person, directly or via use of an assassin that ultimately results in the killing of their brother. According to the story of Cain and Abel (Kabil and Habil), fratricide was the first type of murder

In 1299 the Ottoman Empire began as one of many small Turkish states that began in Asia Minor during the decline of the empire of the Seljuk Turks. The economy of the Ottoman Empire was centered around trade. Istanbul was the crossroads of trade between the East and West. Carabans and ships carried silk, tea, spices, and porcelain from the Black Sea. Southern Russia came with furs, rain, and amber. And from Europe came mirrors and drugs. The government had a lot of supervision in commerce and imposed

Abu Hamid Ibn Muhammad Ibn Muhammad al-Tusi al-Shafi 'i Al-Ghazali was born in 1058 A.D. in Khorasan, Iran. His father died while he was still very young but he had the opportunity of getting education at Nishapur and Baghdad. Soon he acquired a high standard of scholarship in religion and philosophy and was honored by his appointment as a Professor at the Nizamiyah University of Baghdad, which was recognized as one of the most reputed institutions of learning in the golden era of Muslim history

Imam Al Ghazali’s View of the Caliphate INTRODUCTION: Al Ghazali was a renowned Muslim scholar of the 11th century, he was a versatile genius that contributed to many different aspects of knowledge. His theories included exploration in the sciences, rationality and political theory amongst many. He taught in prestigious institutions of education in Baghdad and then also served as an advisor to the ruler. His contributions in the realm of Islamic philosophy are still considered important today.

Abed Elkareem Hjouj Haneen Omari Writing 234 25-12-2013 Saudi Women in the 21st Century The Saudi regime is based on an ultra-conservative Wahabbi doctrine, which is an Islamic state that governed by the law of Islam. It is important for travelers and visitors of Saudi Arabia to understand the customs, norms, and rules which are linked with Islam, in order to have an idea about the laws which are very coercive (IOR 1). The law of the kingdom of Saudi Arabia does not achieve gender equality; this

Apartheid was an ideology for the segregation of distinctive racial groups that was introduced in South Africa in 1948. At first, its aim was to have an “equal development and freedom of cultural expression,” (South African History Online, 2017). However, the Apartheid established a social system that forced people of different colors to live and develop separately instead. It undoubtedly impaired the blacks, which took up most of the population, only because they didn’t have the same skin color

“We have no Jews in Morocco! Only Moroccan citizens!” In defiance of the Nazi government, King Mohammed V of Morocco was a hero who stood up for all members of his kingdom. He heroically shielded his Jews from anti-Semitic legislation under Vichy France, and stood up for Jews at all times, consistently maintaing that Jews were Moroccan citizens, and protected them as any other citizens. He became Sultan of Morocco in 1927. World War II took place during his reign, and Morocco was under Vichy

Kateb Yacine’s Intelligence Powder is a play that looks at post-colonial Algeria and how France affected it as their oppressor. In July 1962 Algeria achieved independence after a bitter war lasting over seven years. Some 300,000 Algerians died to win their nation's freedom. The war was fought brutally on both sides, but the need for a violent independence struggle was deeply rooted in the violence French imperialism had imposed on Algeria for over a century (Birchall, n.d.). The hero of Intelligence

Sufism was important part of Ottoman religious, political, social and cultural life. In modern times people have come to think that the mysticism(tasavvuf) is separated from life. However, this idea is a mistake in historiography and what is known as an anachronism -a thing belonging to or appropriate to a period other than that in which it exists-. It is a fact that in the 13th century the study of metaphysics was at the center of i’lim. Today we understand the rational mind from information, for