Biological Model Of Substance Abuse

Teenage binge drinking is defined as the deliberate consumption of dangerous amounts of alcohol in short periods of time. Alcohol in Australia is legal, easily obtained, perceived as a socially acceptable drug and ingested during many recreational occasions; influencing the high rates of abuse and misuse amongst adolescents. Other influences include peer pressure, experimental behaviour, rebellion and achieving the desired effects of the depressant drugs (loss of inhibitions and sense of wellbeing). Binge drinking ultimately leads to mental illness, unsafe sexual activity and violence. Society requires effective solutions to combat this recurring adolescent issue of substance abuse to minimise economic, social and physical impacts of those aged 15-24.

This model was applied and tested by alcoholism researchers in different health care setting. According to researchers James O. Prochaska and Carlo C. DiClemente this model claims an individual is at one of the five stages of change at any given time in their live as an alcoholic. One stage of the model depends on the next stage for an individual to complete it properly. The individual should begin with pre-contemplation stage with no perceive notion by consciously thinking that a change has to occur in this stage. Stage two is the contemplation stage one makes excuses for why they can’t quit drinking. For example, “if I quit my nerves with become bad. “ Then there is the preparation stage, this is the stage you make devise a plan and stick to it; although you know there may be resistant ahead you are willing to push past it and continue as plan. The next stage is “Action” you are now able to use your coping skills to help you make intelligent choices to finish what you have started. The finally stage is the maintenance stage. This stage you are experience change and working hard not to have a setback. During this stage you avoid places and people that might trigger the desire for alcohol.

In my essay I am writing about the cause of addiction. And problem or damage of addiction. Addiction is compelling of a habit. In other words someone who is addicted believes that they cannot function without the tampion in their bodies. Once you have it in your body your behavior changes and the person who once was the best person to be around with is now the worst person to be around the book Opening Skinner's Box: Alexander said " I began to consider than that the current theories of substance abuse were wrong; that people used, not because that HAD to pharmacologically, but because the substance was one valid way of adapting to difficult circumstance"(161). So in other words this means some people well think that addiction is

Life is filled with ups and downs, but you need to push through and think of the positive things in your life, rather than focusing on the bad moments. Drinking can come from pressure, you always have the option to say no, but it’s up to you to make the right choice. Like Junior, I also worry about losing someone to drinking. My brother is in high school, and I know that some people start drinking at this very young age. On the weekends I always stay up until he gets home just to make sure he is ok. I trust him to make the right decision, but I know that people can be pressured to do things they aren’t very comfortable doing. “There are all kinds of addicts,I guess. We all have pain. And we all look for ways to make the pain go away.” (page 107) A reason kids drink is from stress from school. People think that drinking will make them feel better and all of their problems will go away. Drinking can come from depression, a lot of people drink because they are sad, they think it’s an escape from the real

Anxiety disorders: People with anxiety disorders respond to certain objects or situations with fear and dread, as well as with physical signs of anxiety or panic, such as a rapid heartbeat and sweating. An anxiety disorder is diagnosed if the person's response is not appropriate for the situation, if the person cannot control the response, or if the anxiety interferes with normal functioning. Anxiety disorders include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobias.

In today’s society, substance abuse is a serious issue that has many explanations as to why it occurs. Peer pressure, boredom, rebellion, etc., are all common examples of why a person uses drugs and alcohol but there is more depth to it. Individuals will often get blamed or judged on the actions they perform and do not usually think of society itself as a factor. There are relatively stable patterns of social relations that contribute to the values and decisions of humans. Three levels of social structures that surround and permeate us are macrostructures, microstructures, and patriarchy. The three main theories that are most relevant to substance abuse are functionalism, social-conflict, and symbolic-interactionism which only focus on micro

Symbolism in literature is a huge part of identifying a main theme. A symbol expresses the central idea of the piece. It is very different in each story even if they are the same symbol. I chose to analyze the symbol of alcohol. In “A Streetcar Named Desire” alcohol is shown in many ways through Blanche and Stanley. In “A Raisin in the Sun” alcohol is represented through Walters dream.

Throughout human history, there has been many different problems that people have faced and conquered. Alcoholism is an issue that still continues to give trouble to its victims today. The availability of alcohol is a key factor in the consistent increase of alcoholism cases. The only limitation to buying alcohol it is being the age of twenty-one. Even then, teens and young adults still manage to get their hands on alcohol frequently. Drinking alcohol at the legal age is perfectly fine but, the difference between an alcoholic and a person that drinks alcohol is a person that drinks alcohol occasionally can stop at one or two drinks, on the other hand an alcoholic is not capable of stopping at small amounts, they need many drinks before they feel satisfied. Alcoholics also drink daily and will not feel at ease if they are not drinking. Rex Walls was a prime example of someone who let alcohol control their lives. Throughout The Glass Castle, Rex Walls showed obvious

It is easy for teens to come up with a reason as to why they began drinking because they have been asked so many times. Escobedo, Cherba, and Waweiler states, “Established patterns of alcohol use may play a major role in decision making that proceeds to drinking and driving among adolescents” (976). Therefore, drinking should not be for everyone if you don’t know the full consequences and don’t know how to maintain your liquor. Here are three main reasons why teens do alcohol or any other drug for that matter. Cristol states, “teens blame their parents for half of their reason for drinking, 29 % blame their peer group, 2.5 % blame the media, and 2% blame the alcohol industry”(15). Teens need to realize that these are not reasons they should

As a family of an addict “creates a dysfunctional homeostasis so does an addict” Stevens & Smith, pg. 283). A question posed concerning a possible oversight of recovery therapy. It was regarding a correlation between joylessness and recovery” (Stevens & Smith, pg. 283). It’s well known that people turn to drugs for their ability to provide a relief from stress, bring about euphoria and as a coping technique” (Stevens & Smith, pg. 283). How can this happen when their source of joy is a

A common clinical conception of alcohol dependence is that it is chronic, and also the plan of impaired management

Drinking alcoholic beverages among college students is widely common nowadays in this generation. Several reasons can be recognized why students drink alcohol. According to the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence Inc, (2016), improving self-confidence, altering own identity (to adapt), curiosity, lack of parental advice, problems of daily living, running away from family dilemma, experiencing academic difficulty and other mental-related problems drive the teenagers to drink alcohol. Considering the reasons stated above, these can be some of the many ways how young people manage with their personal, emotional and social problems that they are experiencing.

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services acknowledges that there are 10 million teens in the United States drinking regularly and over 20 percent binge drink.( Teen Alcoholism). This information illustrates the dependence that teens have developed for alcohol and many of them don 't even know the issue that they are building for themselves. The signs that demonstrate that a teen is becoming or is addicted to alcohol are that he/she is a heavy drinker, they drink regularly for no reason and becoming upset over the removal of accessibility of alcohol.( Teen Alcoholism). Alcoholism creates a dependency on it and many teens who begin at an early age are more vulnerable to become addicted to the depressant leading to many other risk

Substance abuse is a form of substance-related disorder. It refers to the harmful or hazardous use of substances that affects almost every community, including alcohol, tobacco and legal or illegal drugs. Drug abuse is one of the most commonly substance abuse in teenagers. It is a disease that is defined as a destructive pattern of using drugs that can cause significant problems or distress. The most commonly abused drugs among them are marijuana, cocaine, heroin and hallucinogens. Drug abuse is caused by psychological, genetic as well as environmental factors and can have significant damaging effects on health.

Addiction is the reliance on a routine. There are many addictive stages. Addiction, as it comes along, becomes a way of life. The persistent use of the substance causes to the user serious physical or psychological problems and dysfunctions in major areas of his or her life. The drug user continues to use substances and the compulsive behavior despite the harmful consequences, and tries to systematically avoid responsibility and reality, while he or she tends to isolate himself/herself from others because of guilt and pain (Angres, & Bettinardi-Angres, 2008). All these characteristics led to the conclusion that drug addiction is a chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use. It is considered as a brain disease because drugs change the structure of the brain, and how it works. Every drug affects different systems of the brain. For example, in the case of cocaine, as the brain is adapted in the presence of the specific drug, brain regions responsible for judgment, decision-making, learning, and memory begin to physically change, making certain behaviors “hard-wired.” In some brain regions, connections between neurons are pruned back. In others, neurons form more connections. (Martin, 2000) These brain changes can be long-lasting and can lead to the harmful behaviors seen in people who abuse drugs.