Black Panther Women's Roles

Mary McLeod Bethune was the seventeenth child of former slaves, she founded the National Council of Negro Women in 1935 11. The car was hardly worth trading, the frame was twisted and the block was warped. 12. The city had one public swimming pool, it stayed packed with children all summer long. 13.

Not only was Madame Walker a great entrepreneur, she was also part of many political contributions. “She became a strong advocate of Black women’s economic independence and her personal business philosophy stressed economic independence for all women.” We can observe how she used her wealth and her indulging words to make a change in the

Shirley Chisholm was the first African American woman elected to Congress. She became the first black woman to seek a major party nomination for the U.S. presidency. Chisholm helped place the African American culture in mainstream politics. In 1924, Chisholm spoke at the University of Missouri and emphasized a black woman's role in civil rights and the American culture.

She partnered with the National Organization for Colored Women and the Women’s

We can see women such as Alice Paul and Carrie Chapman Catt as racist. Elizabeth Cady Stanton often invites Blacks to her home and were treated with respect. Ida Wells-Barnett have visited Stanton and require the service of Anthony’s secretary. Stanton’s secretary refused because she explain that she would not work for the Blacks. The NAWSA did not keep Black women from creating their own campaign as individuals and organization put their own efforts into the suffrage movement.

Chisholm responded by appealing to women voters to support her as a way of fighting discrimination against women.with the help of a strong grassroots campaign by women's organizations, Chisholm Beat farmer by substantial margin and became the first black woman in congress.(Morin pg3) “ Others believe that Shirley Chisholm didn't help the country because she didn't do much but when one reads articles and looks at the statistics she did amazing things to help America. like Shirley Chisholm did help decrease discrimination not just African Americans. However, shirley chisholm proved to be great leaders and trailblazer because “ Chisholm responded to Farmer by appealing to women voters to support her as a way of fighting discrimination against women with the help of a strong grassroots campaign by women's organization chisholm beat farmer by a substantial margin and became the first black women in congress” (Morin,pg3).

A Violent Approach to Civil Rights The Black Panther Party for Self Defense was formed on October 15, 1966 in Oakland, California. They were largely inspired by Malcolm X, a famous member of the Nation of Islam, and desired violence if provoked. The Nation of Islam had three main beliefs, these were having black pride, being self-reliant, and black nationalism. The Black Panthers shared these beliefs and were very passionate about carrying them out with loaded guns. These ideas contradicted Martin Luther King’s nonviolent beliefs.

At this time women were denied many rights such as voting, higher education, and property (Wood, 59). The women’s rights movement held their first convention in 1848 known as the Seneca Falls Convention. Led by Cady Stanton and Lucrieta Mott, this convention sparked a revolution for women’s rights (Brown, 2005) by gaining national attention and getting people to start thinking about these issues. Furthering the work of suffragists before them, Alice Paul and Lucy Burns formed the National Women’s Party (NWP) in 1916 with its main goal being granting women suffrage. They influenced public opinion for their movement through nonviolent protest such as parades, picketing the white house, and hunger strikes.

In the article The Politics of Black Women’s Studies by Akasha Hull and Barbara Smith, Hull and Smith studiously literate the politics and controversy around the fundamentals of black women’s studies in the past and modern day. Furthermore, the ideology of the article falls under the premise that racism and prejudice are still current and prominent factors that affect the development of black women’s studies in the way it is taught in universities, and the role it takes upon the lives of black women.

Malcolm X once said “Early in life [he] had learned that if you want something, you had better make some noise.” The Black Panther Party lived by this quote. The party rose from the foundations of Malcolm X. The party was much different from other civil rights movements. They went by direct confrontation. The Black Panther party, a very misunderstood but known civil rights party held a strong legacy. They achieved this through their actions such as their famous strategies, their demands from the ten point program, the numerous outreaches in media, their relationship towards authorities, and their effects towards the current generation.

Shirley Chisholm was an American politician, educator, and author. In 1968, she became the first African-American woman elected to the United States Congress, and represented New York 's 12th Congressional District for seven terms from 1969 to 1983. On May 21, 1969 Washington D.C Shirley Chisholm delivered a speech to the United States House of Representatives about equal rights for women. Being an African American woman, Shirley personally was able to relate to the speech she gave. Based on her own personal proof and fueled by experience, her “Equal Rights for Women” speech was very persuasive.

She was an African- American civil rights leader who founded the National Council of Negro Women. She was a government official who had significant influence in Franklin D. Roosevelt’S New Deal Government. She was an educator who taught at Haines Institute in Augusta, Georgia in 1898 and later at the

The 1970s were a rough year for African-Americans, still fighting for social and political rights in the United States. Consequently, women still did not receive equal rights. However, in 1972, “Congress approved the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) to the Constitution, which reads: ‘Equality of rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex’ (History.com Staff).” Out of the thirty-eight necessary states only twenty-two ratified it right away, it was relieving for the moment because the feminist advocates had been trying to be ratified since 1923. The First African-American woman elected into Congress was Shirley Chisholm.

as they did not gain or keep the access to the professionals nor did they come close to earning equal pay for the same type of work if they continued to hold their jobs after the men returned. Because of the frustrations held by these women, it the led to the start of feminist movements. The late 1950s and 60s became years of change for women with people becoming more vocal about equal rights for women. This led to President Kennedy, in 1961, establishing the Commission on the Status of Women which examined issues relating to women because of the growing interest in women’s rights (Sink).

However, the events that propelled the notoriety of the social movements during the Jim Crow era involved numerous women who both led and organized events. Charles Payne in I’ve Got the Light of Freedom, emphasizes that the development of male and female leadership was based on an organizing tradition involving community members (Payne, 2007). The civil rights movement represented an era of conflict for Black men as some sought to distinguish themselves as protectors and defy the “demonization of Black masculinity” (Estes, 2005, p.66). Mr. Estes argues that it was defense of the overt racism men experienced which led them to use “masculinist strategies of racial uplift” to gain political and social power (Estes, 2005, p. 7).