Dichloromethane Lab Report

* P-toluene sulfonylhydrazide (1.2 equivalent ) Procedure: * The ester was transferred in a round bottom flask and it was mixed with about 20ml of methanol and stirring was done on a magnetic stirrer till the ester dissolves in it completely. *

Small doses of test gases consecutively introduced to the system and gradually increased up to 50 Torr until an equilibrium pressure was reached. Then the obtained differential heats of the test gases adsorption were recorded as a function of its coverage. Further, the manifold degassed under vacuum for almost 30 minutes; adsorption was conducted in the same manner. Finally, the number and strength of active surface are obtained from the difference between the adsorbed gases from the first and second

After reflux, we removed the reaction mixture from the apparatus and cooled it for several minutes. We transferred the mixture to the beaker that contained water (30 mL). We cooled the mixture to room temperature and added sodium carbonate to neutralize the mixture. We added sodium carbonate until the pH of the mixture was 8. After neutralize, we collected benzocaine by vacuum filtration.

We then added 10cm3 ethanoic anhydride to the salicylic acid and swirled the contents, this mixes together the two chemicals. We then added 5 drops of concentrated sulphuric acid to the flask and thoroughly swirled the mixture, this creates the solution that makes the aspirin. We then warmed the flask for 20 minutes in a 400cm3 beaker of hot water which was approximately 60°C, we made sure the flask did not go above 65°C because this could have caused the contents to evaporate. Part 2: Using a 25cm3 measuring cylinder we measured out 15cm3 of ethanol into a boiling tube and then prepared a beaker half filled with hot water at approx. 75°C, we got this temperature by filling the beaker with cold water and slowly adding boiling water from a kettle until we reached the right temperature.

Dissolve the salt in 120 ml of tap water.   Add 60 ml 6 M Hcl and stir the mixture with a glass rod. Add 24 g solid Nacl to the solution and stir the mixture for about 2 minutes. Support a 500 ml separatory funnel on a ring, close stopcock and then a clean beaker is placed beneath the exit tube.   Transfer the aqueous solution from the beaker to the separatory funnel.

Antimicrobial activity The agar disc diffusion method was employed for the determination of antimicrobial activity of the papaya leaf extract stabilized gold nanoparticles. The 0.1 ml of 108cfu/ml of different pathogenic bacteria suspension was spread on different plates nourished with LB media. Filter paper

A 50 mL buret was obtained and was washed with NaOH solution. After filling the buret with NaOH (titrant) and preparing the KHP (analyte) in the Erlenmeyer flask, the solutions were titrated. The volume used from the NaOH solution was recorded. C. Determination of the Acidity of Soft Drinks First, the soft drinks were heated.

2. Santhosh W. Goveas, et. al., Evaluation of antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of stem and leaf extracts of coscinium fenestratum, Asian J Pharm Clin Res, 2013,Vol 6, Issue 3,

Increasing incidences of antibiotic resistance among pathogens has created a demand to explore alternative treatment approaches. One such approach involves evaluating plant derived compounds for their activity against drug resistant pathogens. This study aims at examining the effect of green tea leaf extracts (GTE) on Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) producing gram negative uropathogens. An ethanolic extract of GTE was prepared using soxhlet apparatus and its effect was studied on seven gram negative MBL producing uropathogens with respect to its Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). In addition, the synergistic activity of ampicillin (a β-lactam drug) with GTE was carried out by agar dilution method to analyze the reduction in MBC of ampicillin in the presence of sub-lethal concentrations of GTE.

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In the separating funnel, the liquid was left on the retort stand for ten minutes to settle. The cover of the separating funnel was removed.

First, the 250-mL graduated cylinder, 100-mL graduated cylinder, and the 10-mL graduated cylinder were observed to see the volume of the liquid in each one. Then, one digit further was estimated, and the results were recorded. After that, the 25-mL graduated cylinder and the 50-mL beaker were cleaned and dried. Next, their masses were measured on the scale, and the results were rounded to the nearest thousands decimal place. Subsequently, the Erlenmeyer flask was filled with 100 mL of distilled water.

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Experimental Clay-catalyzed dehydration of cyclohexanol Cyclohexanol (10.0336 g, mmol) was added to a 50 mL round bottom flask containing five boiling chips, Montmorillonite K10 clay (1.0430 g) was then added to the cyclohexanol and the mixture was swirled together. The flask was then placed in a sand bath and attached to a simple distillation apparatus. The contents of the flask were then heated at approximately 150 °C to begin refluxing the cyclohexanol. The distillation flask was then loosely covered with aluminum foil and the hood sash was lowered in order to minimize airflow. As the reaction continued, the temperature was adjusted in order to maintain a consistent rate of distillation.

Observations The purpose of this experiment was to be able to synthesize triphenylmethyl bromide from triphenylmethanol by a trityl carbocation intermediate. During the experiment, 0.100 g of triphenylmethanol was placed into a small test tube. The triphenylmethanol looked like a white powder. Next 2 mL of acetic acid was added to the test tube and the solution turned a cloudy white color.