Hawaiian Identity

The racist U.S. government reinforced the powerlessness of slaves by denying their ties to both biological and nonbiological relatives and refusing to recognize civil unions of slaves as marriage. In colonial Peru, O’Toole points out that African slaves also received everyday abuse in the fields and masters’ residences yet socially impacted colonialism by joining the Catholic church, which counted them as Christians by canon law with Spanish subjects, therefore allowing them to marry each other and baptize their children. Moreover, racial mixture permeated casta boundaries in the northern port city of Trujillo, where the clerics of the indigenous parishes of Santa Ana and San Sebastian defended their right to marry indigenous people with mixed-race and black

The United State’s annexation of Hawaii in 1898 led to the gradual destruction of the Hawaiian culture and the almost-extinction of native-born Hawaiians. The majority of the Hawaiian natives opposed the annexation of Hawaii and wanted to maintain their sovereignty. Although the Japanese could have taken over the Hawaiian islands if the United States had not, the annexation of Hawaii by the U.S. was unjustified because of the treatment of the monarchy and natives, the infringement of the natives’ self-established culture and government, and the natives’ overwhelming opposition to the U.S’s involvement in Hawaii. From 1795 to 1874, the Kamehameha Dynasty ruled over the kingdom of the Hawaiian islands. Up until the death of Kamehameha III, the U.S. had stayed out of interfering with the islands.

White Americans saw themselves as the advanced version of the the natives and the mistreatment of the natives of simply a part of America's development. The ideology was that it was only natural the more advanced society (Agricultural Americans) replace the uncivilized one (Hunter Natives), many citizens believing that “as civilization advanced westward, it must inevitably displace savagery” (Rogin, 101). The conquering of these natives whom had rightful claim to the land was also justified by the ideology of “parentism”, or the belief that the Native Americans needed to be protected by the superior American government. The Native Americans were seen as a childish society, naïve and in need of protection.

So the British imposed taxes on the colonies to improve their struggling economy from the war. The colonies believed that they should govern themselves and should not give their money to a nation that is across the ocean, especially since the colonies were not represented in parliament. The stamp act was the final straw for the colonies. The colonials rebelled and decided not to pay for the stamps. A few colonials formed a group called “The Sons of Liberty” to directly oppose Great Britain and the man, or tyrant, who ruled them.

On the other hand, Cynthia J. Van Zandt argues that despite military disputes among the two bodies, trade alliances between the groups continued. Van Zandt further claimed that relational failure stemmed from conflict among various Europeans nations advocating for dominance over the New World. The overarching purpose of the argument is to determine

Assimilation: assimilation is a noun that means the process of absorbing one cultural group into another. Whether you 're talking about ideas or nutrients, assimilation describes the act of taking something in and absorbing it fully. This is exactly what the Natives had to do to be able to survive through their harshest move, their biggest challenges, and the disappointments that changed their lives. The Natives had it ruff and in most cases the Americans weren 't fair to the Natives, the Americans could of acted differently towards the Natives so they wouldn’t feel so threatened by the Americans.

In 1898, Moorfield Storey projected his opinions about the rights of foreigners while attempting to expand the United States territory into the Philippine Islands. Moorefield stated that it was wrong to kill the natives of the foreign land because the government would be depriving them of natural rights: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Abraham Lincoln added his opinion that only “Anglo-Saxon white men” were allowed these freedoms (Document F). Homosexuals have also been underprivileged when it comes to their rights. (Document I).

The purpose of this essay is to analyze the roles of race and class played in the history of the area that’s depicted in the book “Dying to Live: A Story of US Immigration in an Age of Global Apartheid”. The book examines, at great length, the history of Imperial Valley that’s associated with race and class types. The Imperial Valley truly represents the separation of race and class that embarked the nature’s course of enjoying the virtues of life, but banned others from doing so. The division between whites and nonwhites, “Americans” and “Mexicans”, and other groups, was the cause of making the Imperial Valley the way it is since it was established as a political economic society.

When the Indians and the Europeans encountered one another, social and environmental changes spurred, in which the colonists, for the most part, benefitted, while the Indians suffered by being subjected to inferiority and death. The natives of North America got the short end of the peace pipe once colonists from Europe began to settle in their land. A common misconception today is that, the Indians were always territorial and non-welcoming, but they in fact wanted to live in harmony with the colonists.

As a result, colonists printed and used their own currency instead of Britain’s. However, as a response, the Parliament passed the currency act, which forbade colonists from the production and usage of their own currency. Expectedly, colonists were outraged and “many Americans interpreted the British government's interference as an infringement of their right to self-government.” Although colonists were not plausible in their belief that their rights had been violated, but nonetheless Britain has cut off yet another way for the colonists to relieve their economic burden and created more hardships and struggles for the colonists. The Currency Act proved to be hindrance, mainly because colonial demand for currency was high due to usage of currency in order to conduct trade.

This story of the Seminoles’ struggles for identity and sovereignty is a microcosm of the true horrors inflicted on Indian nations by the federal government. The Seminoles remarkably defied federal, state, and local government pressures of removal in the early nineteenth century. They also disputed Creek insistence on tribal consolidation, and other Indian nation claims to their property. Among the federal tactics were the illegal removals, and treaties that meant little to the federal government when land, as part of Manifest Destiny, and wealth the federal government sought entered the equation. The Seminoles also endured the paternalism, coercion tactics, and pressures from Bureau of Indian Affairs agents who made promises to them that were frequently broken.

During the 19th century, America promised land and opportunities for all. Though some groups of individuals left their homes willingly in order to take advantage of what America had to offer, others were forced to flee due to inhabitable conditions in their homelands. Both Chinese and Irish immigrants, however, were often disappointed with their treatment upon arrival in America. The Anglo-Saxons that first inhabited America viewed immigrants as uncivilized and quickly declared their superiority, forcing immigrants to work for them. They created laws that prevented groups from accessing similar privileges as them and racialized these groups based on their cultures and languages.

The people who settled the west were greatly dependent on the US government and the policies they adopted. The settling of the west in the late 19th century was similar to the settlement of the south in the 1830’s. Andrew Jackson drove out the indians so that the valuable land of the south could be secured by white settlers. Once again, the federal government made it possible to settle the west by forcing indians off of their lands. A recurring theme in American history is manifest destiny and the attempt to develop unsettled lands by the federal government.

The whites proceeded to dehumanize

Tituba is the very expression of forced eradication of Native Americans’ culture, she was succumbed to exploitation and even traveled across the sea to a remote and cold regions like New England to become acquainted of the misfortune of being treated like a witch in that excruciating process by which many innocent lives were lost and where history consequently acquires as the process of the witches of Salem. Tituba exposes the rudeness of European to Native Americans, but most importantly the mistreat of people that differed from the ideals of the beliefs. People were not only abused but killed. The superiority perception of Europeans, changed throughout the years, but there is no denying that changes were only made because of convenience. “The colonial empires used native people as guides, trading partners, and allies in wars and for other purposes.”